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Skeletal System (System/Tissues (Major Functions (Protection (Cranium,…

- - - - Cranium, ribcage, vertebra
    - - Calcium and phosphate
    - - With the help of muscles
    - - Red bone marrow
    - - Framework for connection of soft tissues (tendons, muscles)
    - - Yellow bone marrow
  - - - 35% Organic material
      - 65% Inorganic material
      - Cells and extracellular matrix
    - - Dense regular connective tissue
    - - Joint, two bones meet
    - - Elastic
      - Fibrocartilage
      - Hyaline
  - - - Outer part of every bone is compact, no matter the shape. Made of osteons packed together.
    - - No osteons. In the ends of long bones, inside flat bones, and almost all other types of bone. Composed of trabeculae. Osteocytes and extracellular matrix present.
  - - - Ends of bones
    - - Shaft or middle of bone
    - - Within spongy bone
    - - Covered by periosteum
  - - - Gelatinous material
      - . As embryo/fetus, it fills all spaces inside bone until age 1
      - Red transforms to yellow with the absence of nutrients after age 7
      - As adults, our vertebra, coxal bones, sternum, ribs and bones of skull will still have this
    - - Fatty/nutrient storage
      - Bad injury can revert bones back to red if catastrophic enough
  - - - Stem cells; locate din perisoteum
    - - Making extracellular matrix
    - - Retired osteoblasts; in lacuna, maintaining bone tissue
    - - Created from leukocytes
      - Break down bone tissue = resorption
      - Secretes enzymes and engulfs destroyed cells to break down organic portion
      - Inorganic portion is released back into body
- - - - Generate tension or force when pulling on an attachment point
    - - Ability to respond to stimulus and produce an electrical signal
    - - Ability to stretch (within limits)
    - - Has the ability to return to its original length and shape after contraction/extension
  - - - Composed of mostly reticular fibers. Create space and allows for very small blood vessels to run next to muscle fibers
    - - Dense irregular connective tissue binds fascicles together
    - - Covers each fascicle with dense irregular connective tissue
    - - Binds whole muscles together (group of muscles). Dense irregular connective tissue.
  - - - Sarcoplasmic reticulum ends here
    - - Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, stoage of calcium
    - - Muscle fibers
- - - - Hyaline cartilage
      - Immobile
      - Epiphyseal plate and between first rib and manubrium
    - - Intervertebral joints
      - Slightly mobile
      - Pubic symphysis
  - - - outer layer is dense regular connective tissue
      - Inner layer is synovial membrane. Secretes synovial fluid that is slippery and lubricating, shock absorbing and nourishes the articular joint
  - - - Distal tibiofibular joint
      - Little movement
      - Bundles of dense regular connective tissue
    - - Joint between tooth and its alveolus
      - Periodontal ligaments
      - No movement
    - - Only skull
      - No movement
      - Bones joined by very short interconnecting fibers
  - - - Uniaxial
    - - Biaxial
    - - Uniaxial
    - - Biaxial
    - - Nonaxial
    - - Multiaxial