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Drugs (fighting disease (painkillers - drugs that relive pain and reduce…
Drugs
fighting disease
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antibiotics - kill or prevent the growth of the bacteria causing the problem without killing body cells
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from plants
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Alexander Fleming noticed that in some Petri dishes containing bacteria, the bacteria had mould on and the area around the mould was free of the bacteria
resistance
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the resistant bacteria will survive and reproduce and the population of resistant strain will increase
to slow down rate of development of resistant strains its important for doctors to avoid over prescribing antibiotics
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stages in drug testing
- in preclinical testing, drugs are tested on human cells and tissues in the lab
- however you cant use human cells and tissue to test drugs that affect the whole or multiple body systems
- the next stage in preclinical testing is to test the drug on lived animals. This is to test efficiency, to find out its toxicity and to find the best dosage
- the law in Britain says any new drug must be tested on two different animals
- if the drug passes the test on the animal then its tested on human volunteers in a clinical trial
- the drug is first tested on healthy volunteers to make sure it doesn't have an harmful side effects. It will be given in a very low dose and is gradually increased
- if the results are good the drug is tested on people suffering from the illness so the optimum dose is found
- to test how well it works, patients are randomly put into two groups. One is given the drug and one is given a placebo. This allows for the placebo effect and the doctor can see the actual difference.
- clinical trials are blind or double blind so the doctors monitoring the results aren't influenced by their knowledge
- the results aren't published until they have been through peer review to prevent false claims.
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