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Abusive Relationships- Physical Abuse (Mykala Pressley) (In Connection…
Abusive Relationships-
Physical Abuse
(Mykala Pressley)
In Connection to Substance Abuse
Previous childhood physical abuse has proven to be a strong predictor of young adults' current substance abuse (Lo, 2007).
Studies have concluded that victimization of parental physical abuse encourages early involvement in substance abuse (Walters, 2018).
Rates of physical abuse were significantly higher among victims that also reported a history of parental substance abuse (Walsh, 2003).
In Relation to Parent/Child Dynamic
Children who are exposed to domestic violence are at a high risk for several long-term difficulties such as, but not limited to anxiety and depressive symptoms, aggressive and oppositional behaviors, and cognitive difficulties (Jouriles, 2008).
Child maltreatment can be broken down into several different categories such as physical abuse,
psychological or emotional maltreatment, neglect, and sexual abuse (Jouriles, 2008)
Physical abuse of a child can be defined as actions that could harm or endanger said child such as hitting with a hand, stick, strap, or other object as well as punching, kicking, shaking, throwing, burning, stabbing, or choking (Jouriles, 2008)
Recent studies have shown that there are more than an estimated 900,000 children that are abused or neglected every year (Schneider, 2007).
In Connection to Family History
Children who were witness to or victims of physical abuse prior to puberty have presented higher rates of abusive behaviors than those with physical abuse after puberty (Romero-Martínez, 2014).
One-third of abused American children are likely to become abusing parents (Dixon, 2005).
A high prevalence in abusive family histories was found to be related to an increased likelihood of self-reported abusive behaviors (McCuish, 2017).
In Connection to Mental Health
PTSD, suicidality, substance abuse, and depression occurs three to five times more frequently in survivors of domestic violence then in those who had never experienced it (Eshelman, 2012).
Many studies have shown that there are major connections between previous child maltreatment and impaired psycho-social functioning in adulthood (Schneider, 2007).
Elevated rates of depression and anxiety disorders, as well as an increased risk of PTSD, has also been connected to physical abuse (Schneider, 2007).
In Relation to Spousal Dynamic
IPV stands for intimate partner violence which is many times used interchangeably with other terms such domestic violence and interpersonal violence (Eshelman, 2012)
While men can also be victims of IPV, women are the victims that are more likely to suffer from physical injuries and mental health problems as a result of said abuse (Eshelman, 2012).
Intimate partner violence (IPV) toward women is a prominent health issue across the world (Eshelman, 2012)
Warning Signs/Prevention
Some warning sign of abusive relationships are dominance-seeking partners, possessiveness, direct and indirect degradation, and overly-controlling partners (Murphy, 2011).
School-based education during the developmental stage has the potential to prevent harmful outcomes in adolescents’ future relationships (Murphy, 2011).
Relationship education plays an important role in preventing partner abuse and promoting mental health (Murphy, 2011).
References
Jouriles, E. N., PhD., McDonald, R., PhD., Slep, A. M. S., PhD., Heyman, R. E., PhD., & Garrido, E., PhD. (2008). Child abuse in the context of domestic violence: Prevalence, explanations, and practice implications. Violence and Victims, 23(2), 221-35. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.23.2.221
Schneider, R., Baumrind, N., & Kimerling, R. (2007). Exposure to child abuse and risk for mental health problems in women. Violence and Victims, 22(5), 620-31. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/088667007782312140
Eshelman, L., B.A., & Levendosky, A. A., PhD. (2012). Dating violence: Mental health consequences based on type of abuse. Violence and Victims, 27(2), 215-28. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.27.2.215
Walsh, C., MacMillan, H. L., & Jamieson, E. (2003). The relationship between parental substance abuse and child maltreatment: Findings from the ontario health supplement. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27(12), 1409-1425. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.07.002
Lo, C. C., & Cheng, T. C. (2007). The impact of childhood maltreatment on young adults' substance abuse. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 33(1), 139. Retrieved from
https://login.proxy006.nclive.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/219343994?accountid=8337
Walters, G. D., & Espelage, D. L. (2018). Exploring the victimization?early substance misuse relationship: In search of moderating and mediating effects. Child Abuse & Neglect, 81, 354. Retrieved from
https://login.proxy006.nclive.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/2086369036?accountid=8337
Romero-Martínez, A., Figueiredo, B., & Moya-Albiol, L. (2014). Childhood history of abuse and child abuse potential: The role of parent's gender and timing of childhood abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(3), 510. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.09.010
McCuish, E. C., Cale, J., & Corrado, R. R. (2017). Abuse experiences of family members, child maltreatment, and the development of sex offending among incarcerated adolescent males. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 61(2), 127-149. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624X15597492
Dixon, L., Browne, K., & Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. (2005). Risk factors of parents abused as children: A mediational analysis of the intergenerational continuity of child maltreatment (part I). Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(1), 47-57. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00339.x
Murphy, K. A. (2011). Girls at risk of chronic partner abuse: Assertive tendency, warning signs, risk sensitivity, and self-confidence. Journal of Relationships Research, 2(1), 33-42. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jrr.2.1.33