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Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms (Germanic Kingdoms Merge (Leadership,…

- - - - Politics played a big role in the movement of Christianity
        
        The Church, had con- verted many Germanic peoples, with the help of Frankish rulers.
        
        New converts had settled in Rome’s former lands
        
        300s & 400s - they worked among the Germanic and Celtic groups that bordered the Roman Empire
        
        Southern Europe,fear of coastal attacks by Muslims also spurred many people to become Christians in the 600s.
    - - Monasteries - Church built religious communities
        
        Monks (christian men) gave their private possessions & devoted their lives to serving god.
        
        Nuns - women who followed this way of life. They lived in convents.
        
        Monks & nuns devoted their lives to prayer & god.
      - 520, Benedict (Italian monk) starting writing a book describing a strict yet practical set of rules for monasteries.
        
        Scholastica (Benedict's sister) leaded a convent & adapted the same rules for women.
        
        guidelines became a model for many other religious communities in Western Europe.
    - - Monasteries - became Europe's best educated communities.
        
        opened schools, maintained libraries, & copied books.
        
        731, Venerable Bede (English Monk) wrote a history of England. Still is considered the best historical work of the early Middle Ages.
        
        600s & 700s, monks made beautiful copies of religious writings, decorated it with ornate letters & brilliant pictures.
        
        illuminated manuscripts preserved at least part of Rome's intellectual heritage.
    - - 590- Gregory I (Gregory the Great) became pope. Also become a secular.
        
        Gregory broadened authority of the papacy, or pope's office. Beyond its spiritual role.
        
        Raised armies, repair roads, & help the poor. Negotiated peace treaties with invaders, such as Lombards.
        
        Secular - worldly, power involved in politics.
        
        secular rulers expanded their political kingdoms
        
        Pope's palace was the center of Roman government.
        
        Gregory strengthened the vision of Christendom
- - - - Church provided order and security.
  - - - Loyalty to government and law unified Roman society.
        
        ties and personal loyalties.
        
        The Germans lived in small communities that were governed by traditions and unwritten rules.
        
        Every Germanic chief led a band of warriors
        
        It was considered a disgrace to outlive their king.
        
        During times of peace the king gave them shelter, food, and treasures.
        
        The warriors would not obey a king or emporer they did not konw.
  - - - Clovis - leader
        
        brings Christianity to the region
        
        Clothilde - wife
        
        wanted him to convert to her faith, Christianity.
        
        496 - led his warriors against another Germanic army
        
        appealed to the Christian God
        
        “For I have called on my gods,” he prayed, “but I find they are far from my aid. . . . Now I call on Thee. I long to believe in Thee. Only, please deliver me from my enemies.”
        
        after - Clovis & 3,000 of his warriors asked a bishop to baptize them.
        
        511 - Clovis united the Franks into one kingdom
        
        Clovis’s Frankish kingdom and the Church - marked the start of a new partnership between two forces (powerful)
- - - - Franks controlled largest & strongest, of Europe’s kingdoms, the area was formerly the Roman province of Gaul
        
        Their first Christian king, Clovis died (511), he extended Frankish rule over most of what is France today.
  - - - was in charge of the royal household & estates
      - led armies & made policy
    - - held more power than the king.
      - extended, Franks’ reign to the north, south, & east
      - defeated Muslim raiders from Spain at the Battle of Tours (in 732)
        
        was highly significant for Christian Europeans.
        
        defeating, made him a Christian hero
      - passed on his power to his son at his death. Pepin the short.
        
        Wanted to be king. He cooperated with the pope
        
        the pope anointed Pepin “king by the grace of God.”
        
        agreed to fight the Lombards (behalf of the church)
        Lombards- had invaded central Italy & threatened Rome
        
        Began the Carolingian Dynasty (family that will rule the Franks. 751-987)
- - - - Disruption of Trade- The breakdown of trade destroyed Europe’s cities as economic centers
      - Downfall of Cities- cities were abandoned as centers of administration
      - Population Shifts- nobles retreated to the rural areas. cities were left without strong leadership. city dwellers also fled to the countryside, where they grew their own food. population of western Europe became mostly rural
  - - - Romans, level of learning sank sharply as more and more families left for rural areas.
        
        Greek, long important in Roman culture, was almost lost
      - Few people except priests and other church officials were literate
        
        Few people could read Greek works of literature, sci- ence, and philosophy
      - Germanic tribes, had a rich oral tradition of songs and legends. Had no written language.
  - - - Different dialects developed as new words and phrases became part of everyday speech
        
        various languages mirrored the continued breakup of a once-unified empire
      - 800s - French, Spanish, and other Roman-based languages had evolved from Latin
- - - - Frankish kingdom - was greatly strengthened & left two his two sons.
        
        Carloman (death in 771)
        
        Charles (Charlemagne) (Charles the Great) ruled the kingdom
        
        Einhard (secretary) described Charlemagne’s achievements;
        
        "Charlemagne was the most potent prince with the greatest skill and success in different countries during the forty-seven years of his reign. Great and powerful as was the realm of Franks, Karl [Charlemagne] received from his father Pippin, he nevertheless so splendidly enlarged it . . . that he almost doubled it."
        
        [he led his armies against enemies surrounding his kingdom and he conquered new lands spreading Christianity
        
        he reunited western
        Europe and became the most powerful king in western Europe
        
        he strenthed royal power by limiting the power of the nobles and sending out royal agents they made sure that the powerful counts (land owners) governed their counties
        
        charlemagne visited each one regularly he also watched close on the management of his estates the source of his wealth and power. one of his greatest achievements was his involvement in encouragement on learning.
        
        powerful land owners called courts fai governed there countries
  - - - led his armies against enemies that surrounded his kingdom
        
        conquered new lands to both the south & the east
        
        these conquests, spread Christianity
        
        800- Charlemagne’s empire was larger than the Byzantine Empire
        
        traveled to Rome to crush an unruly mob that had attacked the pope
        
        Pope Leo III crowned him emperor