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Charlemagne Unites the Germanic Kingdoms (Invasions of Western Europe…
Charlemagne Unites the Germanic Kingdoms
Invasions of Western Europe
Germanic invaders overran the western half of the Roman Empire.
With so many invasions and constant warfare caused some changes that altered the culture, government, and the economy.
Disruption of Trade
Merchants faced invasions from land and sea. Businesses collapsed, Europe cities got destroyed. Money started to become an issue.
Downfall of Cities
Cities were abandoned as centers of administration with the fall of the Roman Empire
Population Shifts
Nobles retreated to the rural areas, Roman cities were left without strong leadership. City dwellers went to the countryside. The population of western Europe became mostly rural.
Conflict
https://www.penfield.edu/webpages/jgiotto/onlinetextbook.cfm?subpage=1492781
Why were cities particularly hard hit when the Roman Empire declined?
Cities were no longer the center of trade, governments failed, and many city dwellers moved to the country
Change
Why did the move to rural areas contribute to a decline in literacy?
People were more widely dispersed so it was hard to obtain school. Priests and church leaders stayed literate.
The Decline of Learning
Germanic invaders who came to Rome couldn't read or write.
The level of learning sank sharply as more families left rural areas.
Few people could read Greek works of literature, science and philosophy. Few people except priests and other church officials were literate.
Loss of a Common Language
Latin changed, as German-speaking people mixed with the Roman population.
It still was an official language but it just wasn't understood.
Dialects formed as new phrases and words became part of everyday speech.
Spanish, French and other Roman-based languages evolved from Latin by the 800s.
The development of different languages continued to break up.
Conflict
Germans Adopt Christianity
What caused Christianity to spread through Europe and why was it important?
Politics was a key part in spreading Christianity.
The church and with the help of Frankish rulers, they had converted many Germanic people. The new convert settled in Rome's former lands.
Change
Missionaries
They had to risk heir lives to bring religious beliefs into other lands, they worked among the Germanic and Celtic groups that bordered the Roman Empire.
Religion
How was Pope Gregory I like a Roman Emperor?
His palace was the canter of Roman government. Gregory used church revenues to raise armies, repair roads, and help the poor.
He negotiated peace treaties with invaders.
http://christianityinview.com/biography/gregory.html
Politics, Missionaries and the fear of costal attacks had a key part in spreading Christianity
Monasteries, Convents, and Manuscripts
The Church built monasteries
Monks and Nuns gave up their private possessions and devoted their lives to serving God.
Benedict wrote a book about strict but practical set of rules for monasteries
Monasteries became Europes best educated communities.
They opened books, land maintained libraries.
They made beautiful copes of religious writings.
Papal Power Expands Under Gregory
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Leadership
Charlemagne becomes emperor
Charlemagne takes over the kingdom after his brother passes away.
Charlie built a empire greater than any empire ever created
He kept his empire great by leading his army every summer to surrounding kingdoms. He fought Muslims in Spain and tribes from germanic kingdoms.
In his conquest he spread Christianity
Charlie built a empire greater than any empire ever created
He kept his empire great by leading his army every summer to surrounding kingdoms. He fought Muslims in Spain and tribes from germanic kingdoms.
In his conquest he spread Christianity
Charlemagne reunited wester Europe for the first time since the roman empire.
Charlemagne got the support of the pope by going to Rome and taking out anyone who had tried to attack the pope. in gratitude the pope crowned him emperor.
Charlemagne strengthened his empire by limiting the power of nobles.
He kept a close eye on powerful land holders, and made sure they governed the lands fairly
Charlemagne regularly visited ever part of his kingdom and kept a close eye on his estates.
One of Charlemagne's greatest accomplishments was encouraging education. he had churches open up schools to train future monks.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolingian_Empire
In the drawing what did the sword and cross symbolize?
It symbolizes that he was powerful but still faithful to God and believes in Gods word
How did Charlemagne challenge traditional Germanic Government?
He joined the germanic empire, with the church, and heritage of the roman empire.
Germanic Kingdoms Emerge
How did Germanic and Roman Soldiers differ?
Roman soldiers were loyal to an emperor and Germanic soldiers were loyal to a local lord
Why did the church support Clovis's campaigns against other Germanic people?
Clovis would be baptized and the church would get more conversions and followers when he ruled.
Small Germanic kingdoms replaces Roman provinces
During the time of political chaos, the Church provided order and security
The Concept of Government Changes
The entire concept of government changed along with shifting boundaries
Family ties and personal loyalty held Germanic society together
Every Germanic chief led a band of warriors who pledged their loyalty to him.
Clovis Rules the Franks
In the Roman province of Gaul, Franks held power, Clovis was the leader.
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An Empire Evolves
As the Roman Empire Evolves, small kingdoms spring up all over.
Franks controlled the largest kingdom. Area was formally the Roman province of Gual.
Charles Martel Emerges, an official known as the "major domo" or mayor of the palace had become the most powerful person.
He extended the Frank's reign to the north, south, and east. He defeated Muslims raiders from Spain.
After his death, he passed on his power to his son, Pepin the Short.
Leadership
The Carolingian and Dynasty would rule the Franks from 741 to 987
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Martel
Why might someone be content with the title major domo rather than seeking to be crowned king?
They might be okay with it because they have more power than the king, but if something bad happens, the king kets all the hate not the domo.
How did Pepin The Short expand the authority he had inherited.
He helped take back central Italy, and he also helped start the Carolingian Dynasty.
