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Business and their context (Interaction - influence systems approach and…
Business and their context
Business: organized of individuals
produce / provide goods or service to meet the need of society
NGO/NPO
profit-manufature
Business activities: 1) innovation 2) operations 3) marketing 4) HR management 5) finance and accounting
examine business: activities interact with one another
activities shape/are shaped by the contexts
Business context
Strategic level: management decisions and what influenced them and what they influence
strategy: objectives and methods to achieve those objectives
Organizational level:
1) goals
2) structure
3) ownership
4) size
5) organizational/corporate culture
the way people are grouped and operate: activity of business
Environmental level (within globalization)
1) the economy
2) the state
3) technology
4) labour
5) cultural and institutional difference
Interaction - influence systems approach and contigency approaches
System approach:
Complexity vs. dynamic
Feedback vs. self-regulation
Equilibrium (homeostasis)
Conflict and chaos
Determinism (necessity)
equilibrium with the environment
Contigency approach: relationship betwwen organization and environment
Product of the environment = business activities + way business are organized
Adapt: take advantage of the prevailing environmental influences
Corporate strategy: match enviroment opportunities and risks with organization strengths and weaknesses (optinum strategy)
Lawrence and Lorsch:
different environment -> different organization (with same sources)
contigency planning: guarding against the whims of environment
Aristoile: the abnormal can exist and make everything different
Idols of humans' mind
tribe: ignore fallibility of our knowledge
cave: pickup error through education or experience
market: seductive language
theatre: prejudice dogma and superstition
Growth (contigent term): WWII for Marshal aid
Cognitive revolution: uniqueness of human language
flexible
gossip-function
reflexive
performative: talk things into existence -> problem of telling reality from fiction, truth from lies -> need
authorative
Framing: seductive language take one dominant question and leave out other perspective