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Musculoskeletal system Beatrice Mwachugu (Skeletal muscle (Components of…
Musculoskeletal system Beatrice Mwachugu
Skeletal muscle
Properties of skeletal muscles
Contractility:Contract due to myofilaments (actin &myosin)
Excitability
nerve signals respond to stimuli to cause an electric wave
Extensibilty
They stretch
Elasticity
after stretchin they return to orinal resting position
Functions of skeletal muscles
Generate heat
Maintain body posture and stabilize joints
Open and close body passage ways
Produce movement
Connective tissue layers
Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium
Components of skeletal fiber
Sacromere
its a unit of contraction
Thin filaments
contain actin proteins
Thick filaments
has myosin proteins
Z disc
Boundaries of the sacromere
I band
light include myosin and actin
skeletal tissues
functions of skeletal system
Provide shape and support of the body
Attachment sites for muscle
storahe deport for essential minerals (bone)
Bones can tell age, nutrition, ethnicity, height and health
Structural components of the skeletal system
Bones
Compact bone
Dense outer layer that is smooth and solid
Spongy bone/ trabeculae
Inside the compact bone with open spaces filled with bone marrow
Types of bone marrow
Yellow Bone marrow
Yellowish in color,high number of adipocytes, increases with age,low level of stem cells
Red bone marrow
Low number of adipocytes, red in color due to hemoglobin,level decreases with age,
Components of long bone
Distal epiphysis
Proximal epiphysis
Diaphysis
Medullary cavity
Periosteum
Endoesteum
Compact bone
Spongy bone
Articular cartilage
Epiphyseal line
Bone cells
Osteoblasts
Produce or secrete organic substances
Osteogenic
Produce stem cells that form osteoblsts
Osteocytes
Function to keep the born healthy
Osteoclasts
Break down bone by producing HCL which dissolves it
Cartilage
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
joints
Typres of joints
Fibrous joints
Satures
Syndesmosis
Gomphosis
Cartilagious joints
Symphyses
Eg pubic symphysis and intervertebral
Synchondroses
eg epiphyseal plates,manubrium and1st ribs of costal cartilage
Synovial joints
Components of synovial joints
Articular cartilage
Joint(articular) cavity
Articular capsule
Synovial fluid
Reinforcing ligaments
Nerves and vessels
Articular disc
Bursae and tendon sheath
Structural types of synovial joints
Plane joint
Pivot
Hinge
Saddle joint
Condylar
Ball and socket