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Concept Map II - Policing (The Working Personality (Danger (Because some…
Concept Map II - Policing
English Roots of the American Police: The Police's Four Part Mandate.
To prevent crime without using repressive force and to avoid having to call on the military to control riots and other disturbances.
Reduce conflict between the police and the public.
To show efficiency through the absence of crime and disorder rather than through visible police actions.
Maintain public order by nonviolent means, using force only as a last resort to obtain compliance.
The Different Era of Police.
The Colonial Era and the Early Republic
The political Era (1840-1920)
The Professional Model Era (1920-1970)
The Community Policing Era (1970-Present)
Each Era consist of different working personalities.
The Working Personality
Definition- A set of emotional and behavioral characteristics developed by members of an occupational group in response to the work situation and environmental influences.
Danger
Because some officers are in dangerous situations on a daily basis, they often keep a keen eye on their surroundings at all time.
Authority
They need to exert authority, unlike many other professions, Police Officers are not treated with respect unless they earn it, in most cases.
Police Morality
This subject tackles the mindset of an officer and how they will deal with a situation under specific circumstances, they all don't think alike which can create some unpredictable scenarios.
Police Isolation
Because Police Officers are more on the outside looking in, regarding daily life in society, they might feel like outcast, or that the public is against them in some way.
Job Stess
The stress each officer is under is tremendous, it may feel like they are walking around with a target on their back. However, they must put aside these feelings when dealing with citizens or other officers. This stress could be dangerous to their health.
The Warrior Mindset
A preconceived idea that some officers have, in which they think that the world is only going to throw the worst at them and that they must be prepared for anything at any moment. This mindset usually results in unnecessary conflict and inappropriate behavior from the officer.
Police Functions
Order Maintenance
Law Enforcement
Service
Implementing the Mandate
Everyday Action of the Police
Encounters Between Police and Citizens
Just as citizens put trust in their Police officers, the Police officers must put trust in the citizens. If the police are to succeed at their jobs they must have the support of the people they protect
Police Discretion
The police have to treat each situation with discretion while keeping these five factors in mind.
Natures of the crime.
The relationship between the alleged criminal and the victim.
3.The relationship between the police and the criminal or victim.
Race/ethnicity, age, gender, class.
Departmental policy.
Patrol Functions
Investigation
Detectives
Apprehension- When enough evidence is present to take a suspect into police custody, however, this does not mean they are guilty. They must go through the court first.
Special Operations
Traffic
Enforces traffic laws, investigates accidents, and regulate the flow of vehicles
Vice
Deals with undercover agents and informants.
Drug Enforcement Laws
Issues in Patroling
Preventive Patrol
Hot Spots
Foot versus Motorized Patrol
Aggressive Patrol
Community Policing
Legal Limitations on Police Investigation
Search
Government officials examination of and hunt for evidence on a person or in a place in a manner that intrudes on reasonable expectations of privacy.
Warrents
Reasonable expectation of privacy
The objective standard developed by courts to determining whether a government intrusion into an individuals person or property constitutes a search because it interferes with the individual's interest that are normally protected from government examination.
Plain View Doctrine
Officers may examine and use as evidence, without a warrant, contraband or evidence that is in open view at a location where they are legally permitted to be.
Reasonable Suspicion
A police officer's belief, based on articulable facts that would be recognized by others in a similar situation, that criminal activity is afoot and necessitates further investigation that will intrude on an individual's reasonable expectations of privacy.
Exclusionary Rules
"Good Faith" exception
Exception to the exclusionary rule that permits the use of improperly obtained evidence when police officers acted in honest reliance on a defective statue, a warrant improperly issued by a magistrate, or a consent to search by someone who lacked authority to give such permission.
"inevitable Discovery" rule
Supreme court ruling that improperly obtained evidence can be used if it would inevitable have been discovered by the police.
The Police Make Up 1 of the three parts of the criminal Justice System.
Police
Courts
Corrections