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Anna Kovalchuk Skeletal system/tissues, joints and skeletal muscle…
Anna Kovalchuk Skeletal system/tissues, joints and skeletal muscle
Joints
Fibrous joints
suture
only in skull
no movement
sutures "lines" go away as you age
syndesmosis
bones connected only to ligaments
little movement
gomphosis
tooth meets aveol
no movement
periodontal ligaments
Cartilaginous joints
synchondroses
hyaline cartilage
epiphyseal plate
slight movement
symphysis
fibrocartilage
slightly moveable
intervertebral discs
pubic symphysis
synovial joint components
articular cartilage
ends of opposing bones
hyaline cartilage
keeps crushing of bones
joint cavity
space holding synovial fluid
articular capsule
fibrous layer
strengthen joint so no pull apart happen
dense irregular C.T.
outer layer
synovial membrane
inner layer
loose connective tissue
function to make synovial fluid
areolar C.T.
synovial fluid
filtrate of blood
within articular cartilages also
nourishes cells here
lubricating
reduces shock
Bursa(e)
enclosed bags of lubricant
synovial fluid
found
skin-bone
tendon-bone
ligament-bone
muscle-bone
tendon sheath
elongated bursea
located
wrist
ankle
fingers
toes
types of synovial joints
plane joint
gliding
intercarpal joints
intertarsal
between vertebrea
hinge joint
flexion
extension
elbow joints
interphalangeal joints
pivot joint
rotation
proximal radioulnar joints
condylar joint
Flexion
extension
adduction
abduction
knuckle joints
wrists joints
saddle joint
adduction
abduction
flextion
extention
Carpometacarpal of thumbs
ball & socket joint
flexion
extention
adduction
abduction
rotation
shoulders & joints
Skeletal muscle
Functions
produce heat
moves blood
bones
contents of hollow organs
open and closes passageways
sphincter muscles
maintains posture and stabilizes joints
helps prevent from being loose
generates heat
maintains normal body temp
Properties
contractility
generating tentsion or force
myofilaments
responsible of muscle cell shortening
excitability
ability to respond to stimuli
able to produce electrical signals
extensibility
able to stretch
elasticity
return to original shape
Connective tissue layers
Muscle Tissue
Skeletal Muscle
fuction
voluntary movement
facial expression
location
skeletal muscle
can be attached on skin
Cardiac Muscle
function
propels blood into circulation
location
walls of heart
Smooth Muscle
function
propels substances along internal passageways
location
walls of hollow organs
components of a skeletal fiber
sarcolemma
cell membrane
transverse tubules
deep navigations of sarcolemma
impulses stimulate release of calcium
conduct impulses
sarcoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
storage for calcium
myofibrils
80% of sarcoplasm
unbranched cylinders
rod shaped organelles
sarcomeres
Z discs
thin filaments
troponin
globular protein
tropomyosin
thick filaments
myosin molecules
mitochondria
supply energy for muscle contraction
skeletal system/tissues
Compact bone
Features
periosteum
outer layer
has osteons
lamella
canals
perforating canals
joins 2 central canals
Major structural components
bone is a connective tissue
inorganic 65%
minerals
salts
this makes bone tissue hard
organic 35%
cells
fibers
collagen
makes bone resist
stretching
twisting
ground substance
ligaments
tendons
Dense regular C.T.
Articulation means joint
Cartilages
Hyaline
nose
larynax
cricoid
thyroid
trachea
tube cartilages
articular
Makes movement friction free
found at ends of movable bones
costal
connects ribs to sternum
elastic
epiglottis
ear
tolerates bending
firbrocartilage
Intervertebral discs
pubic symphysis
meniscus of knee
resists strong
compression
tension
Major functions
Support
framework
supports weight
Assistance in movement
goes with the muscles
Protection
protects organs
skull
brain
vertabrea
spinal chord
rib cage
lungs
Mineral storage
calcium
phosphate
Energy storage
blood sugar regulation
energy metabolism
Blood cell formation
red bone marrow
makes the blood cells
yellow bone marrow
site of fat storage
Spongy bone
Features
NO osteons
endosteum
within bone
trabeculea
honeycomb like
has bone marrow
red
yellow
extracellular matrix
osteocytes
Long bone components
epiphysis
ends of bones
medullary cavity
filled with bone marrow
red
yellow
compact and spongy bone
diaphysis
long axis of bone
articular cartilage
hyaline cartilage
epiphyseal line
growth plate
periosteum
outer
dense regular C.T.
inner
cellular layer
osteogenic
place of attachment for ligaments
perforating fibers
Bone marrow
Red
gelatinous
soft tissue
blood cell formation
Yellow
adipose
energy storage
nutrient storage
Types of bone cells
Osteogenic cells
stem cells
become bone forming cells
osteoblasts
produce and secrete bone matrix
ground substance
collagen fiber
osteocytes
maintain healthy bones
osteoclasts
reabsorption of bone
gained from leukocytes(white blood cells)