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Policing (Federal Agencies and the job (The FBI (Protect the US from…

- - - - Stop-and-frisk search: limited search approved by the Supreme Court in Terry vs Ohio, which permits police officers to pat down the clothing of people on the street if there is reasonable suspicion of dangerous criminal activity
    - - 1) they have the right to remain silent 2)if they do decide to make a statement, it can and will be used against them in court 3) they have the right to consult with an attorney and have an attorney present during interrogation 4) if they cannot afford an attorney, the state will provide one
- - - - watchmen: appointed by the Constable to watch, and patrol community
      - Organized police in 18th century in England
        
        London: mid 18th century.. led by Henry fielding and his brother. Formed a group to catch criminals. London noticed and paid them
        
        1829 police parliament act was passed , which created London police force
  - - - slave patrols: Distinctively American form of law enforcement in Southern states that sought to catch and control slaves through patrol groups that stopped and questioned African Americans on the roads and elsewhere in public places.
      - watch system: Practice of assigning individuals to night observation duty to warn the public of fires and crime
    - - Sheriff: top law enforcement official in the county government who was an exceptionally important police official during the countrys westward expansion and continues to bear primary responsibility for many local jails
      - U.S. marshals: Federal law enforcement officials originally appointed to handle duties in western territories: today they bear responsibility for providing federal court security and apprehending fugitives
    - - The force should stay out of politics
      - Members should be well trained, well disciplined, and tightly organized
      - Laws should be enforced equally
      - The force should use new techniques
      - Personal procedures should be based on merit
      - The main task of the police should be fighting crime
    - - Increasing the number of patrol officers in a neighborhood had little effect on the crime rate
      - Rapid response to calls for service did not greatly increase the arrest rate
      - Improving the percentage of crimes solved proved to be difficult
      - Community Policing: Approach to policing that emphasizes close personal contact between police and citizens in efforts to solve problems, including vandalism, disorder, youth, misbehavior, and crime
      - Problem-oriented policing: Community policing strategy that emphasizes solving problems of disorder in a neighborhood that may contribute to fear of crime and to crime itself