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Congenital Heart Defects (Patent Ductus Arteriosis (S/S (Continuous…
Congenital Heart Defects
Patent Ductus Arteriosis
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Treatment
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Premature infants who develop respiratory distress are initially given indomethacin or ibuprofen (both prostaglandin inhibitors) to close the duct.
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What is it
Shunts blood from pulmonary arteries to aorta through combined arteries and a bridge between them. Sends oxygenated blood back to pulmonary arteries. Think of pressures, moving from high to low pressure.
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Pathophysiology
Failure of the PDA to close results in persistent opennes of the ductus arteriosus. The shunting increases over time as PVR(peripheral vascular resistance) falls and SVR(systemic) does not, the aortic blood begins to enter the pulmonary aortic artery.
The hemodynamic effect is increased pulmonary blood flow, resulting in increased pulmonary venous return to the LA and LV with increased workload on the left side of the heart
The increased workload is caused by increased pulmonary venous return to the LA and, potentially, an increase in right ventricular pressure if pulmonary vascular changes occur in response to the increased blood flow, leading to an increase in pulmonary vascular pressure.
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Coarctation of the Aorta
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Coarctation of the aorta (COA) is a narrowing of the lumen of the aorta that impedes blood flow. (pg. 1115)
COA is almost always in a juxtaductal position,
although it can occur anywhere between the origin of the aortic arch and the bifurcation of the aorta in the lower abdomen.
(pg, 1115)