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Media and Medicine in Modern America (Public health nationalism (Venereal…

- - - - Anthrax vaccine in 1880s
      - Rabies vaccine in 1880s to treat the Newark boys
    - - Yellow fever - mosquito transmission
- - - - Temple of Moloch
- - - - Donald Anderson - showed side by side pictures of Donald Anderson, 1 in wheelchair and the other as totally healthy - showed that we can bring Donald his health back
      - March of Dimes had new poster child every year, only depicting AA children after pressure from middle class AA. "This fight is yours" poster linked kids to future citizens and soldiers.
      - Posters advertised trials for polio vaccine, asking children to participate. Millions of kids ended up participating.
    - - American Cancer Society used kids suffering and offered hopes of recovery through funding research
    - - Kids used to sell Christmas seals
      - Kids in white hats and white capes were seen as human "trademarks" - good advertising medium
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        Credibility of Medical Profession
        
        Increasing
        
        Thomas Edison films that advertised public health and germ theory
        
        1920s, books such as Microbe Hunters and Arrowsmith
        
        1930s, Films such as Arrowsmith, whose success sparked more biopics such as the Story of Louis Pasteur, Ehrlich's Magic Bullet, and YellowJack
        
        Series of medical breakthroughs that bolstered public expectations of medicine, including Pastuer's rabies vaccine, germ theory, 1910 discovery of Ehrlich's magic bullet, 1928 Penicillin, 1930s Prontosil, 1950s polio vaccine, optimism tha microbes were able to be conquered
        
        Used media to explain scientific advances
        
        Public Health Service film - "How Disease is Spread" - shown in class, explaining germ theory
        
        Edison's - Temple of Moloch - while it retains some moral explanations of disease such as poverty or filth, it also explains the contagious nature of TB and its ability to infect people of any class
        
        Decreasing
        
        Doctor's Diary - depicted urban doctors as vultures
        
        Dark Victory - girl with brain tumor
        
        According to Nelkin, press coverage of AIDS was sparse until pressure from ACT-UP, and even then focused on STD aspect as opposed to viral nature, further contributing to stigma
        
        ER/MASH/House MD
        
        often times plot would include doctor doubting a patient's survival based off of science, yet medical miracle occurs, teaching viewers to disregard doctor's comments and over-rely on medical miracles
        
        In study focusing on medical dramas, CPR was over-optimistically depicted. While shows depict cardiac arrest due to trauma and occurring in young people, it usually occurs due to underlying cardiac disease and to old people.
        
        The effectiveness of CPR was over-portrayed, ignoring the possibility of an un-dignified death in the case of an individual whose likelihood of survival is low. CPR depicted on shows fail to demonstrate the broken ribs or other ugly features of the procedure.
        
        While earlier medical dramas such as Dr. Kildare featured a doctor who knew right from wrong, idealized devotion and self-sacrificial, and depicted hospital as temple of science with gleaming technology, these TV shows depicted medicine as an emotionally-draining profession in which physicians are not perfect
        
        Mislead viewers about the chance of recovering from coding, much lower in real life
        
        Pharma ads could pressure doctors to prescribe certain medications at the hands of their patient because they witnessed it on an ad
- - - - C Everett Koop issued flier nationwide to reduce stigma around AIDS
  - - - Thomas Parrish tried to cast as medical issue, but could only work on cracking down on prostitutes