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HOW XRD DEVELOPED? (WILHELM ROENTGEN (w (:star:On November 8, 1895 while…
HOW XRD DEVELOPED?
WILHELM ROENTGEN
:star:On November 8, 1895 while experimenting, he observed that certain rays were emitted during the passing of the current through discharge tube.
:star:His experiment that involved working in a totally dark room with a well covered discharge tube resulted in the emission of rays which illuminated a barium platinocyanide covered screen
:star:The screen became fluorescent even though it was placed in the path of the rays, two meters away from discharge tube.
:star:Then he used photographic plate to capture the image of various objects of random thickness placed in the path of the rays.
:star:Generated the very first "roentgenogram" by developing the image of his wife's hand and analyzed the variable transparency as showed by her bones, flesh and her wedding ring.
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MAX LAUE
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:star:If a beam of X rays passed through a crystal, diffraction would take place and a pattern would be formed on a photographic plate placed at a right angle to the direction of the rays.
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:star:X rays are electromagnetic radiations similar to light and also provided experimental proof that the atomic structure of crystals is a regularly repeating arrangement.
BRAGGS
:star:William Bragg constructed an X-ray spectrometer that enabled the Bragg pair to examine X-rays from crystals at various angles.
:star:Through analysing a variety of substances, Lawrence developed a simplified calculation, now known as Braggs Law, to determine the structure of a crystal.
:star:Lawrence also showed that sodium chloride in solution was made up of ions and not molecules. This was fundamental to the understanding of solutions.
:star:Together, the Braggs initiated the scientific technique of X-ray crystallography and to this day, it is still the most accurate way of determining molecular structures.
