Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
ShelbyBenkofskeSkeletomuscularSystem (Skeletal System/Tissues (Components…
ShelbyBenkofskeSkeletomuscularSystem
Skeletal System/Tissues
Bone cells
Osteogenic : regenerate
osteoblasts
make osteocytes
Osteocytes help maintain healthy blood tissue and supply to the bones
a retired osteoblast
Osteoclasts
multinucleated
large cells
are mobile and able to phagocytize
destroy bone that is damaged, not functioning properly, or old
located in the endosteum
Marrow
Red Bone Marrow
gelatinous, soft tissue
involved in blood cell formation
Found mainly in flat bones and axial skeleton inside spongy bone
Babies only contain red bone marrow and as they grow they get more yellow bone marrow)
Yellow Bone Marrow
Found in the medullary cavity
composed of adipose connective tissue
energy/nutrient storage
get more yellow marrow as you grow older (have none when a baby)
Bone Type
Compact
outside of the bone
Consists of osteons, lamellae, and central canals
is covered by a periosteum
Spongy
inside of bones (near the end of long bones and lining of the cavities
made of collagen and filled with red bone marrow
has an irregular shape
endosteum
Components of a long bone
Endiphyses
The end of the bone
Diaphysis
The shaft of the bone
Epiphyseal Line/Plate
The line between the Endiphyses and Diaphysis that promotes growth during development (epiphyseal line) and seals off when the body is done developing (epiphyseal plate)
Periosteum
the outer most layer of the bone
Spongy Bone
the inner part of the bone and found mostly near the end of the bone
Medullary Cavity
where the bone marrow (yellow bone marrow) is stored
Nutrient Arteries
Carry blood and nutrients to the bones so that they can heal and reproduce
Compact Bone
Line the outside of the bone to give it a more protective layer
Function
Support
Assistance in Movement
Protection
Mineral Storage (calcium and phosphorus)
Blood cell formation
Energy Storage
Major Structure
Axial Skeleton (central)
skull
vertebral column
sacrum
coccyx
ribs
Appendicular Skeleton (outer)
upper limbs (arms)
lower limbs (legs)
pelvic girdle
Skeletal Muscle
Function
Produce Movement
move bone, blood, and contents found in hollow organs
Open/Close body passages
sphincter muscles
round muscles that open and close passages
Maintain posture and stabilize joints
hold joints and bones in place
generate heat
when muscles move, energy is used and heat is produced
Properties
Contractility
create force tension in muscles and able to pull at a point of attachment
Excitability
neurons excite and stimulate muscle fibers to move
Extensibility
ability to stretch muscle
Elasticity
ability to return to the original shape after being stretched
Connective Tissue Layers
Fiber
surrounded by endomysium (reticular fibers)
Muscle
surrounded by epimysium (dense irregular connective tissue)
many muscles
surrounded by deep fascia (dense irregular connective tissue)
Fascicles
surrounded by perimysium (dense irregular connective tissue)
Components of a Skeletal Fiber
Sarcolemma
membrane of the muscle fiber
Transverse (T) Tubule
hollow tube that is an invagination of the sarcolemma and used to get electrical signals to all muscle myofibrils
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
smooth ER of the muscle (netting)
Myofibrils
little fibers that make up a muscle cell/fiber
organelles
Mitochondria
produce energy for the cell
Joints
Cartilaginous Joints
Synchondrosis
Hyaline Cartilage
Found between the ends of bones such as the epiphyseal plates. It is also found between the 1st rib and the manubrium.
Immovable
Symphysis
Found between the pubic symphysis and intervertebral joints
Slightly Movable
hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage
Fibrous Joints
Syndesmosis
It connects 2 bones together and can be found between the tarsals and metatarsals (ankle).
Little to no movement
Consists of bundles of dense regular connective tissue.
Suture
Can be found in the skull to hold it together. Seam-like junction between bones.
No movement
Gomphosis
Can be found in the jaw where the tooth meets the gums. This joint holds the tooth in place.
No movement
Synovial Joints
Hinge Joint
Flexion/Extension and found in the elbow and interphalangeal joints
Plane Joint
glides and is found in the intercarpals
More complicated joints that contain a capsule and a joint capsule. Most movement. They wrap around the ends of bones to connect to the next. The connection is continuous with the periosteum. The joint is also filled with synovial fluid that lubricates and reduces shock on the joint.
Tendon Sheath
Specialized bursae that is sheet-like and goes around the tendons as protective layers. Reduce friction in tight areas such as the wrist, ankles, fingers, and toes.
Bursa
a fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid that reduces friction between bones.
2 layers of tissue
Outer: dense irregular connective tissue
Areolar connective tissue
Pivot Joint
Allows motion "around" able to face the palm up and down
Condylar Joint
Abduction/Adducation (lateral and medial movement) found in the metacarpal phalangeals (knuckles)
Saddle Joint
Similar to Condylar joints and found in metacarpals and carpels of the thumb
Ball and Socket Joint
The joint that allows the most amount of movement. The joint consists of a rounded head of a bone and a cup-like socket. They can be found in the shoulder and the hip. The have flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and lateral/medial rotational movements.