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Respiratory System (Respiration (Functions (Excretion of certain (Drugs,…
Respiratory System
Respiration
Functions
Exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen
operates due to pressure gradients
Acid base equilibrium
Effective function can compensate for physiological defects within other systems
Store small amounts of blood
Excretion of certain
Drugs
Metabolites
Endothelial cells
inactivate serotonin
pulmonary capillaries
most effective cite for conversion of angiotensin 1
Bring equal flows of blood and air
Homeostasis
Pressure gradients
operates
Gas exchange
pressure gradients must be maintained
If not maintained
CO2 buildup can result in acidosis of blood
Oxygen Utilization
Acidosis
Anaerobic respiration
produces oxygen debt
phases
Gas Exchange
Oxygen utilization
Ventilation
Average 12 respirations per minute
Tissue
Features
Decreased oxygen
Decreased Ph
Increased temperature
Increased CO2
Increased concentration difference
function
increase dissociation of oxygen from haemoglobin
Factors affecting Compliance
Surface tension of water
The surface of the alveoli must be moist for gas exchange to occur
Type II alveolar cells overcome this by producing surfactant
Elasticity
Stretching lungs to Parietal pleura sets up elastic recoil
Pneumothorax
intrapleural pressure goes up and lung collapses
Bronchoconstriction
Increases airway resistance
Greater effort needed for expiration and inspiration
Pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance
Tight Ventricular muscles
1/3 as thick as right
Force generated is much less
in systemic circulation
Pulmonary arteries
Larger diameter than systems equivalent
Pulmonary vessels
Features
distensivle
Thin
pulmonary circulation has large compliance
same amount of blood enters in 1 stroke as enters systemic counterparts
Conducting airways
Types
Trachea
Anatomy
Bronchial Tree
Alveoli
Bronchioles
Bronchi
Carina
Larynx
Components
Large single cartilage
Thyroid Cartilage (
FRONT
)
Cricoid (
BOTTOM
)
Hyaline cartilage
Epiglottis (
TOP
)
Elastic cartilage
Three smaller
paired
cartilage
Arytenoids
Connected to vocal cords
Cuneiform
Corniculate
Function
Noise
Respiration
Food Separation
Nasal Cavity
Function
Resonate sound
epithelium
Function
make air
clean
Moist
Warm
Function
Smell (Chemical sensation)
Anatomy
Pseudo stratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
Also contains specialized sensory receptors for chemical sensation (smell)
Submucosa
Anatomy
Highly vascular
Pharynx
Components
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Function
Respiration
Digestive
Defence
Tonsils
Resonance