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Integument (Functions of skin (Temperature regulation (98.6 F (Temp…

- - - - Only store little vitamin D
    - - Cholesterol
        
        UV light
        
        Previtamin D
        
        Kidney
        
        Active vitamin D
        
        Will allow calcium to absorb across bloodstream and be used
  - - - Temp increase, blood vessels dilate, sweat glands are stimulated, and your body cools off, lowering body temperature
    - - Blood vessels constrict
        
        Cause blood to bypass skin temporarily, and allows skin temperature to decrease
        
        Pass of heat loss is slowed down
        
        Blood vessels in nose and ears turn red because blood vessels dilate, protecting it from the cold
  - - - Leftover water and electrolytes
  - - - Pick up small objects and protect finger
- - - - Keratinocytes
        
        Responsible for producing keratin
        
        Keratin- protein that we use for protection as new cells are pushed upwards. Cells die when pushed up, so we build a new epidermise every 25-35 days. in high friction areas, cells divide and more keratin is made (thicker skin)
      - Stratified squamous epithelial cells
      - Melanocytes
        
        Every person has same number of these
        
        Produce melanin, a pigment
        
        Tyrosinase > melanin (chemical reaction in melanosomes)
        
        Darker skin people produce more melanin than lighter skin people
        
        Albinos do not create tyrosine, so they cannot make melanin.
      - Merkel cells
        
        Touch sensations
    - - Stratum basale
        
        Innermost leyer
        
        Actively mitotic stem cells, actively dividing and pushing up cells
      - Stratum spinosum
        
        Strength and flexibility to skin
      - Stratum granulosum
        
        Where cells start to die
        
        Cell deaths- apoptosis
      - Stratum Lucidum
        
        Contained in thick skin
      - Stratum cornium
        
        Outermost layer
        
        Only dead cells
  - - - Characteristics
        
        Contains blood vessels
        
        Contains nerves
        
        Contains shaft, hair root, & hair follicle
      - Structures
        
        Sebaceous (sebum, oil) gland, next to hair follicle
        
        Activated at puberty
        
        Arrector pilli muscle
        
        Smooth muscle
        
        What allows hair to stand (goosebumps)
        
        Eccrine (Merocrine) sweat glands
        
        Produces presperation
        
        Regulates body temperature
        
        Aprocrine sweat glands
        
        Axialla and groin areas
        
        Release sweat into hair follicle
        
        Has smell