RileyDillonSkeletalSystem
skeletal system system and tissues
Joints
skeletal muscle
Functions
structural components
compact bone
spongy bone
long bone
bone marrow
bone cells
Red bone marrow
found on the outside of most bone, contains osteon columns, and osteocytes
stem cells (osteogenic)
produce more stem cells
osteoblast
osteoctye
creates extracellular matrix, found in the periosteum and the endosteum,
matures from osteoblasts, retires in a lacuna, maintains healthy bone tissue, found in any bone tissue
osteoclast
a fusion of several leukocytes, large cell that is multnucleic, found in the endosteum, secretes enzymes that help break down bone and digests it like phagocytes.
yellow bone marrow
found inside the bone in the medullary cavity, produces fat, cartilage, and bone
found in the spongy bone, where most blood cells are created, and differentiation of stem cells
contains trabeculae, found in the ends of long bones, found between the compact bone in flat bones, contains red bone marrow
support: framework for soft tissue connection. tendons to bone and ligaments to bones
assist in movement: works along with muscles
protection: bones protect internal organs from damage, examples: the cranium protects the brain, ribs protect the thoracic cavity, vertebrae protect the spinal cord
mineral storage: bones store minerals like phosphorus, and calcium. Sometimes the body will take minerals from bones to supplement the bloodstream if the blood needs it.
blood cell formation: red marrow found in bones creates most blood cells and platelets
energy storage: inside bones we store fat in the yellow bone marrow which supplies us with energy
ligaments and tendons: composed of dense irregular connective tissue
connective tissue
cells: osteocytes
extracellular matrix
collagen fibers
minerals: calcium and phosphorus, creates the hardness feature
articulation: joints
cartilage: cushioning between joints and bones
diasphysis
articular cartilage
hyaline cartilage
fibrocartilage
elastic cartilage
intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, menisci of knees
found in the joins
costal region of ribs, most joints
outer ear, epiglottis
epiphysis
periosteum
medullary cavity
endosteum
compact bone
spongy bone
fibrous joints
cartilaginous joints
synovial joints
synchondrosis: found in the manubrium, and in the 1st rib
sutures: only occur along the skull, they do not move
syndesmosis: found in the tibioflibular joint, and the tarsals of the foot
Gomphosis: found in the mouth, where the teeth meets the alveolus
symphysis: found in the pubic symphysis and the intervertebral discs, found with fibrocartilage
plane joints: nonaxial movements, found in intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints, joints between vertebral articular surfaces
hinge joints: uniaxial movement, found in the elbow joints, interphalangeal joints
pivot joint: uniaxial movement, found in the proximal radiulnar joints, and atlantoaxial joint
condylar joints: biaxial joints, found in the metacarpophalangeal joints (knuckles), and wrist joints
saddle joints: biaxial movement, carpomatecarple joints of the thumbs.
ball and socket joint: multiaxial movement, found in shoulder joints and hip joints
functions
properties
connective tissue layers
skeletal fiber components
endomysium: composed of reticular fibers that create space for blood vessels in the muscle
perimysium: around the muscle fascicle,composed of dense irregular connective tissue, this layer also contains blood vessels
epimysium: around the whole muscle organ, composed of dense irregular connective tissue
provide movement: helps the heart pump blood through the body, moves substances through hollow organs like food in the small intestine
open and close body passageways: sphincters are an example, we have two rectal sphincters and the iris are just a few examples
maintain posture and stabilize joints: these muscles are always working and are toned, they work to keep us upright
Generation of heat: movement of muscles generates heat, examples include exercising, and shivering to generate heat
contractility: creation of force/ tension in muscle while pulling on an attachment point
excitability: muscles responding to a stimulus and produce an electrical signal. Found in nervous tissue
extensablity: ability to stretch your muscle within certain limits
elasticity: the ability to return to the original shape after contraction or extension
scarolemma: plasma membrane surrounding the muscle fibers
Myofibers: small fibers
mitochondria: energy production
transverse tubule (T-tubule): transmits electrical signals through the whole muscle, aids in contraction
sarcoplasmic reticulum: smooth endoplasmic reticulum since it doesn't contain any ribosomes. loose net-like structure surrounding the myofibers
Terminal cisterns: storage places for calcium
microscopic skeletal muscle components
myofibral
sarcomere: basic unit of contraction. Z-disc or Z-line
actin: thin filaments, blue rope like lines
myosin: thick red lines that have heads
A-band: contains myosin and actin, darkest line on slides
I-band: contains some actin, and sarcomeres, lighter lines on slides
M-line: 3 lines together in the middle