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Ch 13: Transport and Communication (13.3: Communication and its Importance…
Ch 13: Transport and Communication
13.1: T&C - Lifelines of a Country
13.1.1: The Role of T&C
13.2: The Mode of Transport
Land
Roadways (4.7% of India's GDP)
330 lakh km vs. 56 lakh km
(2nd largest in the world)
Village Roads (80%) - Pradan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna
District Roads - (14%) Zila Parishads
State Roads (4%) - PWD
National Highways (NHAI) - 2%, but carries 40% traffic
Golden Quadrilateral
North-South Corridor
East-West Corridor
Expressways
Uttarapada (Grand-Trunk Road) and Dakshinapada
Border Roads
Railways (4th largest, 66,000 km; 8.26 Billion Passengers)
Railways are nearly 100 times larger than airtravel
Water
Oceanic
Inland
Air
Domestic (25% + growth; Highest in the world; 117.18 million passengers in 2017)
International
13.3: Communication and its Importance
13.3.1: Personal Comm
Postal
Telephone
13.3.2: Mass Comm
Radio
TV
Internet
13.3.3: Newer Technologies
Internet
Video Conferencing
E-Commerce
Internet Telephony
Email
Tele-Medicine