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Syntax - the way words are arranged to form sentences/phrases (Rules of…
Syntax - the way words are arranged to form sentences/phrases
Rules of Syntax:
Combining words into phrases & phrases into sentences
Describing the relationship between the meaning of a particular group of words & arrangement of those words
Specifying the grammatical relations of a sentence, such as subject/direct object
How words form groups in a sentence
Grammaticality does not:
depend on having heard the sentence before
make much sense (sound like illogical but the grammar is correct)
depend on the truth of sentences
Sentence structure:
English sentence structure: Det - N - V - Det - N
The implication of a sentence structure: grammatical categories (part of speech)
Words are grouped into natural units
tree diagram - the hierarchical organization of the tree reflects the grouping & sub-groupings of the words of sentence
Constituents & constituency test
Constituent = grouping words based on phrase
Constituency test:
Phrase can stand alone
Phrase can be replace by a pronoun
Phrase can move as a unit
Constituent structure
Syntactic categories = a family of expressions that can substitute for one another without loss of grammaticality
Phrasal categories (includes lexical categories)
Noun phrase, Verb phrase, Preposition phrase, Adjective phrase, Adverb phrase
Functional categories
Tense (includes modal/auxiliary)
Determiner (includes demonstrative)