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Roots (other types of roots and modifications (Contractile roots (deep in…
Roots
other types of roots and modifications
Mycorrhizae
nutrients for host
offer protection
plant's rhizosphere
role of fungi
symbiotic association
fungus and roots of vascular host
increase root surface area
Aerial roots or orchids
absorb rapidly
nutrients
water
dangled roots in air
used to absorb moisture
Prop roots
maize plant
arise from modified roots
stem of certain plants
develop at higher levels
stem elongates
Storage roots
function: storage
starch and nutrients
beats, carrots, sweet potatoes
protection for themselves
grow underground
Buttress roots
gathers nutrients
no diaper penetration
large, wide roots
prevents trees from falling
Contractile roots
wide, wrinkled surface
deep in soil
expand fast
pull bulbs or corn
monocots
hyacinth or lily
taproots
dandelion
contracting longitudinally
Roots of strangler figs
in a competition
roots system VS. strangling fig
roots develop from branches
send straight down through air
External structure of roots
lateral roots
branch roots
become swollen
highly branched shoot
taproot
radicle
embryonic roots
Not functional
adventitious roots
increases transport
increases absorption
structure
root hair zone
epidermal cells extend
zone of elongation
cells undergo division/expansion
root cap
protection
growing tip
mucigel
lubricates passage
root hairs
not elongating
fibrous root system
root primordia
relevant with older plants
caused by radicle dying
functional
similarly size roots
Internal root structure
Root cap
protection for apical meristem
cells small
meristematic
develop starch grains
Root apical meristem
orderly shoot
relationship to root tissue
quiescent center
Zone of elongation
meristematic activities continue
behind root apical meristem
cell expand
permeable
Mature portion
passage cells
passage of minerals
transfusion of cell
opposite of protaoxylem strands
Zone of maturation
merges with zone for elongation
endodermis
no boundary cells
root hairs grow outward
increase water absorption
then critical
pericycle
between vascular tissue and endodermis
lateral roots produced
casparian strips
controls minerals passing through
minerals
no access to vascular tissue
