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Roots (other types roots and root modifications (prop roots (buttress…

- - - - upper side grows more rapidly than other parts of the root
  - - - acts as a waterproof barrier
  - - - a bacterium then attaches ti the convex side of the hair and pushes into the cell by means of a tubelike invagination of the plant cell wall
        
        this is called an infection thread
        
        can extend all the way to roots inner cortex
        
        inner cortex is where cells undergo mitosis
        
        the bacterium then enters the cytoplasm where it begins to proliferate rapidly landfills the plant with bacteroids
        
        bacteriods are capable of converting N2 into compounds that are released to the plant cells
        
        this process supplies cigars from the legume root cells
  - - - very little root like structure remains
      - parasitism has evolved several times thus the structures are termed haustoria bc not ask are related ti each other and generalizations are difficult
      - must attach to their host by secreting an adhesive or growing around small branch or root
      - penetration occurs through the hosts dermal system or by expanding the haustorium radially cracking the hosts epidermis
  - - - deposit the seeds on other trees
    - - fig grows rapidly downward
        
        for several months or years the roots have no soil contact
        
        once the roots hit the soil it begins to branch
        
        upper portions of the fig become woody
        
        strangler fig roots grow at various angles and the roots fuse to each other wherever they meet
- - - - or this is a layer of fat
  - - - cells that only contain casparian strips
      - once thought torepresent passageways for the absorption of minerals
      - now suspected that they are just slow to develop
    - - continued endodermis maturation is the formation of a watertight sheath around the vascular tissues
      - in older parts of this root it functions to keep water in #
- - - - called the radicle
        
        radical was present in the seed after germination it grows extensively and usually becomes the largest root in the system
        
        tap root
        
        carrots
        
        becomes swollen and larger than lateral roots
        
        Sunflower taproots are the same size as lateral ones
        
        fibers root system
        
        winter wheat consists of many roots none of which is the radicle instead all main roots that originated in stem tissue
        
        corn has a fibrous root system and the radicle died shortly after germination and no root connects
        
        RADISHES ARE OBVIOUSLY TAP ROOTS
  - - - root is embedded in a solid matrix it is impossible for all parts to extend at once the entire root would have to slide through the soil
      - growth comes from apical meristems
    - - this is essential to the growth of the plant because even seemingly soft soils are very damaging and made up of the same general materials
    - - where cells undergo division and expansion