Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Deforestation - The felling…

- - - - Fish have almost 70% of their biomass made from carbon that came from trees and leaves instead on aquatic food chain sources.
      - Where you have more dissolved forest matter you have more bacteria, more bacteria equals more zooplankton. Area with the most zooplankton had the largest, fattest fish.
      - Forest loss is damaging aquatic food chains of which many humans are a part
    - - Fish rely on the forest for their very survival. Its because in a way they eat them. Debris from forests find their way into rivers, lakes, and streams. The bacteria in the water break down the leaves and bits of tree bark and dead animals. Then the zooplankton eat those bacteria, and the fish eat the zooplankton.
      - The boreal zone- that is, the sub-arctic areas of places like Canada and Russia contain more than 60% of the plants fresh water.
      - Most of the food webs in those lakes and streams rely almost entirely on organic matter from forests, because they're so nutrient-poor themselves. Without the scraps on plant and animal matter to feed the bacteria in the water those food webs could collapse
  - - - Four to Five thousand rainforest species go extinct each year due to deforestation
      - forests provide habitats for over 80% of the plants and animals that live on land
    - - Rainforests house nearly 50% of all plant and animal species. These plants and animals are integral to forest ecosystems and provide countless ecosystem services to humans. If forests ceased to exist humans would be unable to survive
      - As important as forests are both economically and environmentally, many four global forests are severely affected by deforestation. Deforestation is one of the leading causes of climate change and species extinction
      - Deforestation can lead to a direct loss of habitat as well as general degradation of their habitats.
      - The removal of trees and other types of vegetation reduces available food, shelter, and breeding habitat. Wildlife habitats become fragmented, where native species must live on remaining habitat islands that are surrounded by disturbed land that is being used for agriculture and other uses
      - Habitat fragments may be too small to maintain viable populations of animals, and animal living in one population may no longer be able to freely breed with individuals in other populations. Animals may not be ale to find adequate shelter, water, and food to survive within remaining habitat.
      - Climate change leads to new weather patterns, changing levels of precipitation and temperature fluctuations. These climate changes can have many negative impacts, not only on local populations, but also on wildlife populations around the world as global climate change alters the habitat they depend on.
      - When trees are destroyed, an integral piece of the forests ecosystem disappears suddenly. All animals, in one way or another, get energy from plants, Plants make energy from the sun and herbivores eat plants. Carnivores eat herbivores, which gained energy from plants. If no plants are present, there is no food in the ecosystem and animals starve.
      - Deforestation has dramatic effects for all animals, whether they live in rivers, oceans, forests, mountains, or skies. The most affected group of animals are those that are epidemic to a specific area or ecosystem, which is directly or closely linked to a forest. This represents animals that are adapted only to their specfic habitat. They are often found in remote and isolated areas, like on islands or deep in the rainforest.
      - Very specialized animals fill a single niche found in an ecosystem. Sometimes the niche is so specialized that it is only found in a small region, like a single lake or one square kilometer of forest. A perfect example of this being the Philippine Tarsier. When deforestation occurs in these areas the plant and animals species are unable to move or adapt to a new region, almost always causing their extinction.
      - Habitat destruction is single handedly on of the largest destroyers of biodiversity. Since forests contain the largest percentage of the terrestrial biodiversity, deforestation is considered the leading cause of biodiversity destruction.
      - As deforestation increases, the number of unique species of plants and animals plummets, This can be seen by the increasing rates of extinction across the globe, with extinction rates now higher than at any point in the last 65 million years.
    - - The world's most popular vegetable oil -palm oil- is produced in tropical rainforests everywhere. While it can be produced sustainable, palm oil made with conventional production methods can lead to unchecked agricultural expansion that threatens forests and wildlife
      - Indonesia and Malaysia produce more than 85% of the worlds palm oil and are the only remaining home to orangutans. Fewer than 80,000 of these animals survive today, their habitats under constant threat of deforestation
      - While Sumatra is home to several of the country's largest national parks, many areas in these parks are still being illegally cut down to produce palm oil. Fewer than 3,000 elephants survive on the island, threatened by illegal palm oil production.
    - - Forest clearing in Brazil has already claimed casualties, but the animals lost to date in the rainforest region are just 1/5 of those that will slowly die out as the full impact of the loss of habitat takes its toll.
      - In parts on the eastern and southern amazon, 30 years of concreted deforestation have shrunk viable living and breeding territories enough to condemn 38 species to regional extinction in coming years, including 10 mammal. 20 bird and eight amphibian species, scientists found.
      - Though few species are killed off directly in forest clearances, many face a slower death sentence as their breeding rates fall and competition for food becomes more intense.
  - - - Deforestation is causing birds to adapt to a new livelihood, they researched birds within the forested fragments of different sizes, the researchers found that individuals living in small patches had narrow wings, and birds from larger patches displayed the short, rounds wings.
        
        The researchers theorized that this morphological adaptation has occured because narrow wings enhance flight mobility and flight capability, which enables them to cross habitat gaps (deforested areas) before establishing their territories.
      - The loss of forests is so drastic that, in simple terms, the birds have two options: adapt to their changing environment, or become extinct
    - - Tropical rainforests are the final destination for many migratory birds that breed in the northern and southern hemispheres including 180 species that fly from North America each year. They rely on rainforests in equatorial regions to provide food and shelter which their breeding grounds cannot do during the colder months
      - It is estimated that the Amazon may be completely transformed due to changing land use by the end of the century
      - Large scale deforestation in rainforests such as in the Amazon the very reasons many birds make dangerous migrations each year. It is not uncommon for migrating birds to lose 30% of their body weight while making annual migrations and after such long journeys, the loss of their wintering grounds can have a devastation effect. They rely heavily on the extremely productive and complex rainforest ecosystems for food, rest and recovery
      - Local agriculture and world demand for beef and soy are the main reasons for amazonian deforestation continues and many rely on the rainforest to survive as well as thousands of poor local farmers
      - Thousands of local poor farmers live on the edge of-and depend on- the amazon and each year they clear small fields for subsistence (small-scale) agriculture. These small crop fields break up and fragment the seamless expanses of rainforest, slowly changing and degrading its habitats.
      - The poor quality in rainforest further perpetuates the cycle of deforestation. Without the continuous nutrients and protection of the dense forest, many of the soils nutrients are washed away within a few years. Consequently, the soil can no longer support agriculture or livestock
        
        The result is a continuous cycle of deforestation as farmers and ranches perpetually seek new and fertile soil by clearing the forest.
    - - Biodiversity is essential for the health and resilience of tropical forests, and birds are a prime example. They provide a range of biodiversity services through their interaction with other species in the ecosystem for example by keeping populations of plant eating insects in check through predation and dispersing the seeds of more than 90% of rain forest tree species
      - The health of a rainforest ecosystem is usually measured in terms of the number of species it retains
  - - - There are many species that depend on the forest habitat for survival, breeding, and development. It is estimated that 80% of the worlds species live in the tropical rain forests. The species in specific are supported by the rich forest environment, which provides them with food and shelter.
      - Humans may not have many direct impacts but as a result of climate change we have to live with the consequences of our actions. It leads to altered weather patters which can be characterized by the extreme heat or rainfall
      - Thousands of people are contingent upon forests for hunting, gathering and medicine, small-scale agriculture and forest resources such as rubber and palm oil. In some areas deforestation has contributed to migration and social conflicts. Accordingly, thousands of people lose their source on the account of deforestation
      - Trees play an important role in facilitating the continuity of the water cycle which aids to maintain a balance between the water in the atmosphere and the water on land. When deforestation happens, the water balance goes away, resulting in changes in water cycle. The direct outcome is alteration of habitats that depend on particular precipitation pattern, river flow or water availability from adjacent water sources
- - - - They have designed and built a device based off of old, donated phones. These devices can detect the sound of chainsaws used for illegal logging. After it detects, it sends a message to the ranger in that area with location coordinates, they can then go off and stop the logging from happening. This use of technology has been very effective so far.
  - - - Encourange people to live in a way that is environmentally friendly
      - Establish parks to protect rainforests and wildlife
      - Restore damaged ecosystems by planting trees on land where forests have been cut down
      - Support companies that operate in ways that minimize damage to the environment
      - Teach others about the importance of the environment and how they can help save rainforests
- - - - You can have two different types of direct deforestation causes; Natural and Human activity
        
        Natural direct causes can be hurricanes, fires, parasites, and floods
        
        Direct human activity is agricultural expansion, cattle breeding, timber extraction, mining, oil extraction, dam construction, and infrastructure development
      - Examples of indirect causes could be Insufficient political actions governance failure as inadequate land tenure system, corruption, wrong public administration investments. Or political and socio-economic causes as population growth, military conflicts and climate changes
- - - - One of the most dangerous and unsettling effects of deforestation is the loss of animal and plant species due to their loss of habitat, not only do we lose those known to us, but also the unknown.
    - - In addition to loss of habitat, the lack of trees also allows a greater amount of greenhouse gases to be released into the atmosphere. Presently, the tropical rainforests of South America are responsible for 20% of earths oxygen and they are disappearing at a rate of 4 hectares a decade. If these rates are not stopped and reversed, the consequences will become even more severe.
    - - Trees help control the amount of levels of water in the atmosphere by helping to regulate the water cycle. With fewer trees left, due to deforestation, there is less water in the air to be returned to the spoil. In turn, this causes dryer soil and the inability to grow crops, an ironic twist when considered against the fact that 80% of deforestation comes from small-scale agriculture and cattle ranching
  - - - There are no trees anchoring the fertile soil. Erosion is sweeping the land into rivers. The agricutural plants replacing the forests are unable to hold onto the soil, Since 1960 o third of the worlds arable land has been lost. As fertile soil washes away producers move on, clearing more forests
    - - Trees keep balance between the water on the land and the water in the atmosphere. Disrupted balance changes the precipitation and river flow
    - - Forests help to mitigate carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emission . When cut, burned, or otherwise removed they become carbon source.
    - - Deforestation greatly influences many lives. In Southeast Asia deforestation contributed to migration and social conflicts. In Brazil the poor people are constantly pressured to move from their villages often to remote soy plantation where they have to work under inhumane conditions. Deforestation is destroying immediate sources of medicine, increasing food insecurities.
    - - 80% of species can be found in tropical rainforests. Often unable to survive in the small fragments of forested lend left behind.
- - - - Ecuador was originally largely forested, but today about two thirds of that are remaining. However, about 27% of that is frotier forest
      - The bad news about Haiti is that 99.2% of it's forests have been cleared
  - - - The Indonesian ban on deforestation is causing palm oil producers to seek land elsewhere, notably in the West African countries of Liberia, Gabon and Ghana, which will likely increase their risk
- - - - With the continued acts of deforestation, water vapor is lost and the water cycle is broken. In return no rainfall will take place because of the absence of trees. The whole process might end up in the emergence of a desert. Some of the worst desert conversion rates in the Sub-Saharan have been associated with deforestation in West and Central African forests.