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Roots (Other Roots and Root modifications (Root Nodules and Nitrogen…
Roots
Other Roots and Root modifications
Storage Roots
Prop Roots
transports additional nutrients and water to the stem
buttress roots
brace trunks from being blown over
Aerial Roots of Orchids
Contractile Roots
Mycorrhizae
ectomycorrhizal relationship
penetrate between the outermost root cortex cells but never invade
endomycorrhizal association
hyphae penetrate the root cortex as far as the endodermis
Root Nodules and Nitrogen Fixation
nitrogen fixation
chemical conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into usable compounds
infection thread
Root Nodule
adjacent cortical cells undergo mitosis
Haustorial Roots of Parasitic Flowering Plants
Haustoria
roots of parasitic plants that have become highly modified
Roots of Strangler Figs
Internal Structure
Root Cap
Root Apical Meristem
quiescent center
Zone of Elongation
Zone of Maturation/Root Hair Zone
Endodermis
cylinder that cortical cells differentiates into
Casparian Strips
Bands of altered walls
Pericycle
parenchyma cells that constitute an irregular region
Mature Portions of the Root
Passage cells
cells that only have casparian strip
root pressure
powerful absorption of water and a water pressure
Origins and Development of lateral Roots
Initiated by cell division in the pericycle
small root primordium that organizes into a root apical meristem
cell division by primordium swelling into cortex
endodermis is broke by lateral root
when the lateral root emerges a root cap is formed
External Structure
Organization of Root Systems
Lateral Roots
small numerous roots coming out of the tap root
Radicle
embryonic taproot
Fibrous root system
Monocots and eudicots mass of similar sized roots
Adventitious roots
increase absorptive and transport capacities of the root system
Structure of individual Roots
Root Cap
Thick layer of cells protecting the apical meristem
Mucigel
complex polysaccharide
Zone of elongation
cells undergo division and expansion
Root hair zone
narrow trichomes extended outward
Root hairs
from in the root that is not elongating
