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BrendaBarckBones-Joints-Muscles.pdf (Skeletal System/Tissues (Compact Bone…
BrendaBarckBones-Joints-Muscles.pdf
Skeletal System/Tissues
FUNCTION: provides support, protection, movement, mineral storage, energy storage, blood cell formation
STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS: bones, ligaments, tendons, cartilage, articulations
Compact Bone
outer part of all bones-hard part, made of osteons
Spongy Bone
no osteons! trabeculae, osteocytes, extracellular matrix, located at the ends of long bones and inside all other bones. location of red bone marrow.
Long Bone
epiphyses, diaphysis, epiphyseal line, medullary cavity (marrow), periosteon (outside covering), articular cartilage (on both distal & proximal epiphyses)
Red Bone Marrow
gelationous material, blood cell formation, not part of bone tissues, as embryo/fetus it fills all spaces inside bones until about age 7. as adults it's in the vertebrae, coxal bones, sternum, ribs, skull
Yellow Bone Marrow
fat tissue, nutrient storage place
Bone Cells
osteogenic cells (stem cells), osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
Joints
Fibrous Joints
suture: bones connected by short interconnecting fibers (found only in skull) no movement!
gomphosis: periodontal ligaments (ex: tooth) no movement
syndesmosis: D.R.C.T (ex: carpals) little movement
Cartilaginous Joints
synchondrosis: two bones that come together by catilage (ex: epiphyseal plate) no movement!
symphasis: hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage (ex: pubic symphysis) slight movement
Synovial Joints
plane joint: nonaxial movement (ex: intercarpal joints) flat articular surfaces, gliding
hinge joint: uniaxial movement (ex: elbow joints) flexion, extension.
pivot joint: uniaxial movement (ex: proximal radioulnar joints) vertical axis-rotation
condylar joint: biaxial movement (ex: wrist joints) flexion, extension, adduction, abduction
saddle joint: biaxial movement (ex: thumb joints) medial/lateral, anterior/posterior, adduction, abduction, flexion, extension
ball and socket joint: multiaxial movement (ex: hip joints) medial/lateral, anterior/posterior, vertical, adduction, abduction, rotation, flexion, extension, THE MOST ACTION JOINT!
Skeletal Muscle
PROPERTIES: contractility, excitability, extensibility, elasticity
LAYERS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE: whole muscle-fascicle-muscle cell/fiber. endomysium (connective tissue), deep fascia, perimysium (D.I.C.T.), epimysium-binds fascicles together
FUNCTIONS: movement, open and close passageways, generate heat, stabilize joints, maintain posture
COMPONENTS OF SKELETAL FIBER: sarcolemma, transverse (T) tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum, myofibrils, mitochondria