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Skeletal system/Tissues, Joints & Skeletal Muscle (Skeletal…
Skeletal system/Tissues, Joints & Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal system/Tissues
compact bone: outer part of every bone, made of osteons packed together, very vascular. filled with blood vessels and nerves.
Spongy bone: No osteons, has osteocytes, has extracellular matrix, on the ends long bone, in red bone marrow.
Components of long bone: longer than they are wide, has a shaft plus two distinct ends, most bones in the limbs at long bones. epiphysis=top and bottom or bone ends, diaphysis= shaft
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Red bone marrow: gelatinous material inside as embryo fetus, fills all space inside bone until age 7, blood cell formation. As adults; vertebrae, coxal bones, sternum, ribs, and skull still contain RBM.
Yellow bone marrow: Acts as a nutrient storage after age 7, fat tissue, if you have blood loss yellow bone marrow could revert to red bone marrow.
Function: Support, movement, protection, mineral storage, blood cell formation, energy storage.
Types of bone cells
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Osteocytes: in lacunae maintaining blood and tissue, fusion of leukocytes.
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Osteoclasts: created from leukocytes that has one big cells. secretes enzymes, break down bone tissue, Example: baby tooth coming in place of permanent tooth.
Skeletal Muscle
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Connective tissue layers
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Endomysium: inside the muscle, mostly composed of reticular fibers, allows space for very small blood vessels to run next to muscle fibers.
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Joints
Cartilaginous Joints
Two types: Synchondrosis-epipheseal plate and between 1st rib and manubruium, hyaline cartilage, immovable.
Symphysis: slightly moveable, intervertebral joints, and pubic symphysis.
Synovial Joints
Has two layers: Outer layer is dense irregular connective tissue attached to periosteum, and inner layer is synovial membrane mostly areolar connective tissue
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Presence of joint activity, surrounded by a joint capsule.
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Fibrous Joints
Only found in skull, bones joined by very short interconnecting fibers.