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Ch 8; Structure of Woody Plants (Secondary Xylem (Types of wood cells…
Ch 8; Structure of Woody Plants
Vascular Cambium
Produces secondary plant
Fusiform Initials
Long, tapered cells
Longitudal cell division with periclinal walls
2 elongated cells
Differentiates
Secondary Xylem
Secondary Phloem
Fusiform initial
Ray Initials
Short, and cuboidal
Periclinal cell division
Differentiate
Phloem parenchyma
Xylem parenchyma
Cambial Ray Initialas
Produces elongated cells of wood and phloem
Storage parenchyma and albuminous cells
Arrangement of cambial cells
Storied cambium cells
Regular horizontal rows
Nonstoried cambium cells
Irregular
Secondary Xylem
Types of wood cells
tracheids
vessel elements
fibers
sclereids
parenchyma
Axial System
fusiform initials
axial xylem parenchyma
temporary reservoir of water
Radial systems
ray initials
Hardwoods
useful for construction
softwoods
lack fibers
Growth Rings
Early Wood
high proportion wide vessels
Late wood
lower proportion of wide vessels
annual rings
Heartwood and Sapwood
heartwod
center, dark wood
Sapwood
Outer, light wood
Reaction Wood
Response to stress.
Secondary Phloem
formed from vascular cambium
Axial system
conduct water up and down root or stem
Radial system
Outer Bark
Cork and the Cork Cambium
Phellogen
New cambium formed
All cells cuboidal
Inner cells
cork cambium
Outer cells
Differentiates to cork cells
Lenticle and Oxygen Diffusion
Lenticles
region of aerenchymatous cork
Outer and inner lenticels align
Oxygen
Secondary Growth in Roots
In conifers and woody angiosperms
Anomalous Forms of Growth
Anomalous Secondary Growth
Roots of Sweet Potatoes
Storage parenchyma increase greatly
Included Phloem
between two bands of Xylem
Protection
Unequal Activity of the Vascular Cambium
Secondary Growth in Monocots
Secondary Vascular bundles
Contain xylem and phloem
Alternative cambium type
Unusual Primary Growth
establishment growth
increase in width and addition of adventitious roots