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Roots (Other Types of Roots and Root Modifications (Aerial Roots of…
Roots
Other Types of Roots and Root Modifications
Contractile Roots
aid in burring certain bulbs, corms, and rhizomes
Mycorrhizae
the symbiotic relationship with soil fungi
both organisms benefit from this relationship
Aerial Roots of Orchids
adapted to drought conditions
several large layers of dead white cells
velamen retains the water
Roots Nodules and Nitrogen Fixation
occur on the roots of plants that associate with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria
host-specific strain of bacteria known as rhizobia
bacterium supplies the plant with nitrogenous compounds and gets sugars
Prop Roots
provide additional stabilization and transport
Haustorial Roots of Parasitic Flowering Plants
modified roots that penetrate the tissues of host plants
Storage Roots
annual plants can survive without such storage capacity
carbohydrates are used to make new shoots in the spring
Roots of Strangler Figs
grafted together roots that enclose their host’s trunk in a strangling latticework
the tree host often dies from lack of photosynthesis (light)
Internal Structure
Zone of Maturation/ Root Hair Zone
Differentiating cells make up this zone
maturation is located at the top of the root, or closest to the plant
rapid mitosis
roots grow here
Mature Portions of the Root
root pressure builds up
cortex, epidermis, stele
Root Apical Meristem
containing meristematic cells
serves as the source of new cells for root growth
Root Cap
parenchyma cells that cover and protect a root apex
External Structure
Structure of Individual Roots
Organization of Root System
single large taproot with lateral roots branching off
taproot develops from the radicle
most monocots have a fibrous root system
adventitous roots
Origin and Development of Lateral roots
arise in the pericycle (deep inside the root)
they never develop into flowers
