Anatomy 2

4 tissue types

Epithelial

2 types of epithelial tissue / Shapes

Connective

Nervous

Simple

Stratified

Functions

Physical protection

control Permeability

Provide sensation exocrine

Epithelial Characteristics

Bound closely together

free apical surface

basement membrane

avascular - without blood vessels

continual replacement

Squamous

Cuboidal

columnar

Covering/ Linning

Support

Control

Muslce

Movement

Tight Junctions

4 types of ECF

Junctions that precent intercelluar leakage

Desmosomes

Layer of cells together

Gap Junction

Smooth & cardiac muscle + ciliated epithelia

single layer of cells coverig the basement membrane

Resemble litttle hezagontal boxes when seen in three dimensions

Cells are thin and flat and the nucleus occupies the thickest portion of each cell.

cellls are also hexagontal but taller and more slender resembling rectangles n sectional view

Simple Squamous epithelia

Provides a greater degree of protection because it has several layers of cells aboce the basement membrane

  • Single layer of flattened cells - Allows for easy passage of substances - locations; - lining air sacs of lungs, lining capillaries, lining body cavities, covering ventral organs (alveoli)

Simple Cuboidal epithelia

  • A single layer of square shaped cells with large centrally located nuclei - functions;- secretion, absorption-- Location; - lining kidney tubules, lining ducts of glands, covering surface of ovary

Simple Comumnar epithelia

  • A single layer of elongated cells with bascally located nuclei -- Functions; - protection, absorption, secretion -- location - lining small intestine, lining uterus -- free surface - microvilli, goblet cells

Stratifited squamous epithelia

  • Many layers of flattened cells -- function- protection - Non keratinized -location- lining mouth, lining throat, lining vagina, lining anus -- keratinized - epidermis of skin

Stratified Cuboidal epithelia

  • 2-3 layers of cuboidal cells -- locations - mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, pancreas

Stratified columnar epithelia

  • 2-3 layers of elongated cells-- locations - vas deferens, part of male urethra

Pseudostratified columnar epithelia

  • A single layer of elongated cells with scatered nuclei, all cells touch the basement membrane -- functions - secretion,protection -- location - lining trachea, lining fallopian tube--free surface -- cilia, goblet cells

Transitonal epithelia

  • many layers of cells that change shape in response to tension -- function - distensibility -- location- lining urinary bladder and ureters

Lymph

Transcellular

Plasma

Interstitial fluid

which fills he spaces between cells in tissues

is the liquid portion of blood

is in lympathic vessels

includes cerevrospnal fluid, synovial fluid, humors of the eye, serous fluid and exocrine secretions

Functions

Protection

Absorption

secretion

excretion

filtration

sensation

lining of kidney capillaries

ducts of glands

epidermis

lining of intestine

epidermis and lining of kidney capillaries

touch and pressure receptors

Classification

simple

straitified

squamous

cuboidal

columnar

single layer of cells

many layers of cells

flattened cells

square shaped cells

elongated cells

Glandular epithelium

Exocrine glands

Endocrine glands

secrete products into a duct - n external surface, or internal space/ lumen

secrete hormones into the blood. Glands are ductless

types of secretions

Merocrine

Apocrine

Holocrine

Secrete fluid through cell membranes into a duct with no loss of glandular cells. Ex - salivary glands

Lose small portion of cells with secretion. Ex - mammary glands

Release entire cells into secretion. Ex - sebaceous glands in skin

Carcinoma

A tumor (cancer) originating from epithelial tissue

Connective tissues classified

Connective Tissue proper

Fluid connective tissues

many types of cells and fibres within a matrix. tisues that underlies the skin, fatty tissue, and tendons and ligaments

Have a distinctive population of cells. Two fluid connective tissues are blood and lymph

Supporting connective tissue

have a less diverse ell population. Cartliage and bone

Fibroblasts - Most abundant cells, maintain the connective tissue fibers
Macrophages - "big eater", Macrophages are drawn to the affected area
Fat cells - "adipocytes"
Mast cells - small, near the blood vessels, filled with chemicals that are released to begin the bodys defensive activities after an injury or infection

Connective tissue fibers

Collagen fibers

Elastic fibers

Reticular fibers

long, straight and unbranched - most common in connective tissue proper

Contains protein elastin. Branched and wavy after strtching will return to original length

Least common- thinner than collagen fibers and commonly form a branching interwoven framework in various organs

Loose