Anatomy 2
4 tissue types
Epithelial
2 types of epithelial tissue / Shapes
Connective
Nervous
Simple
Stratified
Functions
Physical protection
control Permeability
Provide sensation exocrine
Epithelial Characteristics
Bound closely together
free apical surface
basement membrane
avascular - without blood vessels
continual replacement
Squamous
Cuboidal
columnar
Covering/ Linning
Support
Control
Muslce
Movement
Tight Junctions
4 types of ECF
Junctions that precent intercelluar leakage
Desmosomes
Layer of cells together
Gap Junction
Smooth & cardiac muscle + ciliated epithelia
single layer of cells coverig the basement membrane
Resemble litttle hezagontal boxes when seen in three dimensions
Cells are thin and flat and the nucleus occupies the thickest portion of each cell.
cellls are also hexagontal but taller and more slender resembling rectangles n sectional view
Simple Squamous epithelia
Provides a greater degree of protection because it has several layers of cells aboce the basement membrane
- Single layer of flattened cells - Allows for easy passage of substances - locations; - lining air sacs of lungs, lining capillaries, lining body cavities, covering ventral organs (alveoli)
Simple Cuboidal epithelia
- A single layer of square shaped cells with large centrally located nuclei - functions;- secretion, absorption-- Location; - lining kidney tubules, lining ducts of glands, covering surface of ovary
Simple Comumnar epithelia
- A single layer of elongated cells with bascally located nuclei -- Functions; - protection, absorption, secretion -- location - lining small intestine, lining uterus -- free surface - microvilli, goblet cells
Stratifited squamous epithelia
- Many layers of flattened cells -- function- protection - Non keratinized -location- lining mouth, lining throat, lining vagina, lining anus -- keratinized - epidermis of skin
Stratified Cuboidal epithelia
- 2-3 layers of cuboidal cells -- locations - mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, pancreas
Stratified columnar epithelia
- 2-3 layers of elongated cells-- locations - vas deferens, part of male urethra
Pseudostratified columnar epithelia
- A single layer of elongated cells with scatered nuclei, all cells touch the basement membrane -- functions - secretion,protection -- location - lining trachea, lining fallopian tube--free surface -- cilia, goblet cells
Transitonal epithelia
- many layers of cells that change shape in response to tension -- function - distensibility -- location- lining urinary bladder and ureters
Lymph
Transcellular
Plasma
Interstitial fluid
which fills he spaces between cells in tissues
is the liquid portion of blood
is in lympathic vessels
includes cerevrospnal fluid, synovial fluid, humors of the eye, serous fluid and exocrine secretions
Functions
Protection
Absorption
secretion
excretion
filtration
sensation
lining of kidney capillaries
ducts of glands
epidermis
lining of intestine
epidermis and lining of kidney capillaries
touch and pressure receptors
Classification
simple
straitified
squamous
cuboidal
columnar
single layer of cells
many layers of cells
flattened cells
square shaped cells
elongated cells
Glandular epithelium
Exocrine glands
Endocrine glands
secrete products into a duct - n external surface, or internal space/ lumen
secrete hormones into the blood. Glands are ductless
types of secretions
Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine
Secrete fluid through cell membranes into a duct with no loss of glandular cells. Ex - salivary glands
Lose small portion of cells with secretion. Ex - mammary glands
Release entire cells into secretion. Ex - sebaceous glands in skin
Carcinoma
A tumor (cancer) originating from epithelial tissue
Connective tissues classified
Connective Tissue proper
Fluid connective tissues
many types of cells and fibres within a matrix. tisues that underlies the skin, fatty tissue, and tendons and ligaments
Have a distinctive population of cells. Two fluid connective tissues are blood and lymph
Supporting connective tissue
have a less diverse ell population. Cartliage and bone
Fibroblasts - Most abundant cells, maintain the connective tissue fibers
Macrophages - "big eater", Macrophages are drawn to the affected area
Fat cells - "adipocytes"
Mast cells - small, near the blood vessels, filled with chemicals that are released to begin the bodys defensive activities after an injury or infection
Connective tissue fibers
Collagen fibers
Elastic fibers
Reticular fibers
long, straight and unbranched - most common in connective tissue proper
Contains protein elastin. Branched and wavy after strtching will return to original length
Least common- thinner than collagen fibers and commonly form a branching interwoven framework in various organs
Loose