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1.7, 1.8, 1.9 Enzymes (Enzyme inhibition (Competitive inhibitors…
1.7, 1.8, 1.9 Enzymes
Enzyme Action
Enzymes used as catalysts to lower activation energy - enzymes can allow reactions to take place at a lower temperature than normal because they increase the likelihood for molecules to collide and react. This allows some metabolic reactions to occur rapidly at only 37 degrees (human body temp). Without enzymes these reactions would occur too slowly to maintain life.
Enzyme structure
Enzymes are proteins. The functional zone of an enzyme is called the active site and it fits specifically to the substrate it works with. The active site forms a small depression in the molecule. When the active site and the substrate connect it forms an enzyme-substrate complex. The molecule substrate is held in the active site by bonds that temporarily form between certain amino acids of the active site and groups on the substrate molecule.
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Enzyme inhibition
Competitive inhibitors
Competitive inhibitors have a molecular shape similar to the substrate. This means they can occupy the active site of an enzyme and compete with the substrate. This reduces the rate of reaction.
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