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ATOMIC MODEL (RUTHERFORD IMPROVEMENT (positive charge & all of atoms…
ATOMIC MODEL
THOMSON ATOMIC MODEL
Sphere of continuous positive positive charge
embedded with negative electrons
RUTHERFORD IMPROVEMENT
positive charge & all of atoms assumed to be concentrated the centre atom
nuclues = sphere
radius = 10-14 cm
negatively charge is assumed to be orbit
positive charge is assumed to be nucleus
BOHR MODEL
electron could only have certain energy- energy quantized
h= 6.63x10^34 Js
eneryg & all others properties can direcly measured
PROMLEM
valid for Hydrogen atom (with electron)
electron is fixed in circular orbit
angular momentum assumption violets Heinsberg uncertainty prinpiple
fixed angular momentum for each quantized orbital
Heinsberg uncertainty principle
impossible determine position & momentum of particle simultaneously
WILSON SOMMERFELD MODEL
allow possibility of elliptical orbits
can be used in any physical system
particle motion periodic with time
THE UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE
FIRST STATEMENT
Impossible describe accuracy position & momentum of particles
delta PX > h h=h/2pie=1.054x10^34 Js
SECOND STATEMENT
impossible to describe accuracy the energy of particle & instant of time has this energy
delta Et > h
cannot determine the exact position of electron
determine the probability of finding electron at particular posotion