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180106 (GDP (不能反映出來的東西 (無法衡量生活品質 (環境社會成本), leisure time, non-market…
180106
GDP
只考慮具有市場價值的物品
他計算的是"所有的"物品，只要具有合法市場的價值
Double Counting: 把中間產物及最終財重複計算
intermediate goods: use as components in the production
Final goods: intended for the end user
只計算"目前"所製造的
in a given period of time
a year
season
以一個國家或一個經濟體作為單位
不能反映出來的東西
無法衡量生活品質 (環境社會成本)
leisure time
non-market activity
distribution of income
market
labor market
capital market
goods market
market of foreign exchange
money market
RGDP per captita
= RGDP / population
平均每人的概念
BEST single indicator
open eco
跨國投資
資本財 (international finance)
close eco
ONLY 本國
GNP
=GDP + factor payments from abroad - factor payments to abroad
GDP
Nominal GDP (名目)
沒能控制住是P還是Q改變
沒辦法確定今年過的比去年更好
誇張的成長率
NGDP=sig(Pt*Qt)
GDP Deflator (Pt, 平減指數)
NGDP / RGDP
[ sig (Pi
Qt) / sig (Pb
Qt) ]*100
變成Qt不變
price index：
在基期時為100 (NGDP & RGDP必定相等)
Real GDP (實質)
base year (基期): Pb
盯住價錢\
RGDP=sig(Pb*Qt)
grows over time
名目&實質GDP轉換
RGDPt = NGDPt / Pt
4 = $100 / $25
inflation=(P(t+1)-Pt) / Pt *100%>0
GDP的不同算法
expenditure
Consumption (C)
durable goods
automobiles
non--durable
service
Inestment (I)
structures
factories
office buildings
capital equipment
machine, tools
inventries
沒賣出去的商品
Government (G)
Net Exports (NX)
EXport-IMport
貿易順差，>0
<0，貿易逆差
爽爽爽
Y = C + I + G + NX (Ex-Im)
income method
GDP=wages+rents+profits
profits=revenues-costs
output method
全部各項價錢*數量