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Ch.19 & 27 (Both (Host: An animal or plant on or in which a parasite…
Ch.19 & 27
Both
Commensalism: One benefits, one doest care. (Bird nesting in a tree)
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Parasitism: One is harmed, one is gaining (Fleas)
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Symbiosis: Interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both
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Transposon: A DNA sequence that can change its position within a genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genome size
Bacteria
Shapes
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Spirilla (Stringy, Squiggly)
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Binary Fission: Bacteria cell division, asexual
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Structure
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CRISPR-Cas System: Enzymes that alter DNA, defense against Bacteriophages
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Heterocyst: A large, transparent, thick-walled cell
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F and R plasmids: F plasmid is a segment of the host chromosome. R plasmid a conjugative factor in bacterial cells that promotes resistance
Plasmid: DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently
Transformation: The genetic alteration of a cell by introduction of extraneous DNA, especially by a plasmid
Types
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Photoautotroph: Organisms that use light for energy, and is capable of using carbon dioxide as its principal source of carbon
Photoheterotroph: Organisms that use light for energy, but cannot use carbon dioxide as their sole carbon source
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Nitrogen Fixation: Bacteria which has the ability to fix the atmospheric nitrogen from the air to soil or to convert inorganic nitrogen into organic nitrogen
Virus
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Structure
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Provirus: The genetic material of a virus as incorporated into, and able to replicate with, the genome of a host cell
Types
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Retrovirus: RNA viruses which insert a DNA copy of their genome into the host cell in order to replicate
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Lysogenic Cycle: Bacteriophage inserting nucleic acid into the host bacterium's genome or formations of a circular replicon in the bacterium's cytoplasm
Lytic Cycle: viral DNA exists as a separate molecule within the bacterial cell, and replicates separately from the host bacterial DNA, destroys the cell
Vaccine: A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases
Vector: An organism, that transmits a disease or parasite from one animal or plant to another.
Viroid: An infectious entity affecting plants, smaller than a virus and consisting only of nucleic acid without a protein coat
Archaea: Prokaryotes, Live in extreme environments