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Leaves (Morphology and Anatomy of other leaf types (Leaves of Conifers…
Leaves
Morphology and Anatomy of other leaf types
succulent leaves
able to survive desert conditions
thick and fleshy
water conservation is very important
very few air spaces in the mesophyll
Sclerophyllous Foliage leaves
thick, hard and waxy
stay alive 2+ years
Leaves of Conifers
contain unpalatable chemicals
thick cuticle
always simple
Needles
small scale-like leaves
mostly perennial
Bud Scales
small and rarely compound
protection for Perennial
forms tight layer around stem tip
tougher and waxier then regular leaves
Tendrils
grow indefinitely
contain cells that are capable of sensing contact with and object
can coil around objects
leaves with Kranz Anatomy
C4 photosynthesis
possess a mechanism of CO2 transport
Insect trap
ability to trap ad digest insects
found in places poor in nitrates and ammonia
thin, parenchymatous, and capable of photosynthesis
secrete sticky digestive liquid
Spines
cactus spines are modified leaves of axillary buds
no blade and needle shaped
no mesophyll, parenchyma or vascular tissue
closely packed fibers
External Structure (Foliage)
function includes photosynthesis
Dorsal surface
larger veins
Leaf blade (Lamina)
Light-harvesting
Simple leaf
blade or just one part
compound leaf
blade divided into several individual parts
Ventral surface
smooth upper side
Petiole
holds the blade out into the light
sessile leaf
leaves are small and very narrow (have no petiole)
veins
bundles of vascular tissue
abscission zone
cells cut off the leaf when its useful life is over
Internal structure (Foliage)
Epidermis
transpiration
water lost
must be reasonably waterproof/simultaneously translucent
simultaneously translucent
flat, tabular, ordinary epidermal cells
guard cells and trichomes
Mesophyll
ground tissue interior to the epidermis
palisade parenchyma (Photosynthetic tissue)
Spongy Mesophyll
open, loose aerenchyma
Vascular Tissues
between the palisade parenchyma and spongy mesophyll
midrib (midvein) which lateral veins emerge that branch into minor veins
support the leaf
Petiole
are massive in palms, rhubarb, celery, and water lilies
leaf traces
branch from vascular bundles
stipules
two small flaps of issue
Initiation and Development
Basal Angiosperms and Eudicots
Produces only through the activity of a shoot apical meristem
Leaf primordium
cells in the protoderm that grow outward
grow rapidly
Monocots
hood-like shape
single cotyledon
