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Structure of Woody Plants (Secondary Growth in Roots (Roots (Don't…
Structure of Woody Plants
Vascular Cambiam
Initiation of the Vascular Cambium
Interfascicular Cambium
Young Cells
connects to Fascicular Cambium
Vascular Cambium
Produces secondary plant body
two cells:
Ray
Fusiform
Fascicular Cambium
Bundle Cells
Young cells
Fusiform Initials
Thin primary walls
Axial Phloem
Axial Xylem
Long/tapered cells
Periclinal wall
increases cambial cells
perpendicular to surface of the Cambium
Ray Initials
Short
undergo periclinal cell division
outer cell (Phloem)
inner cell (xylem)
storage parenchyma
Arrangement of Cambial Cells
Non storied Cambium
storied Cambium
Secondary Xylem
Growth Rings
Annual rings
late wood
summer wood
lower portion of vessels
early wood
Porous
spring wood
higher portion of vessels
Heartwood and Sapwood
Heartwood
dark wood
center of long
widens with age
one annual ring is converted into heartwood
Sapwood
lighter
moist
constant thickness
new layers formed yearly
Types of Wood Cells
Radial System
develop from ray initials
Hardwood
Lots of fibers
strength
Durability
used for constructions
angiosperm
Eudicot
Axial System
developed from fusiform intials
Longitudinal conduction of water
Reaction Wood
Walls rich in cellulose
wider growth rings at top
no lignin
Wall rich in cellulose
Outer Bark
Cork and Cork Cambium
Vascular cambium pushed outward
secondary phloem pushed outward
Cork Cambium
Aka Phellogen
Cuboidal cells
periderm
waterproof
phelloderm
mature layer
outer cell
turns into Phellem cell
Inter cell
remains Cork cambium
Lenticels and oxygen Diffusion
keeps out pathogens
retain water
no absorption of water
Initiation of Cork Cambia
forms before 1 year of time
Delayed formation of bark
Anomalous Forms of Growth
Anomalous Secondary Growth
Roots of Sweet Potatoes
increase storage
secondary tissue
irregular matrix of parenchyma
Included Phloem
protection
Secondary Growth in Monocots
Vascular Cambium
unequal activity
Unusual Primary Growth
Palm Trees
vascular cambium doesn't develop
Don't taper
don't branch
palm trunk
primary xylem and phloem only
doesn't grow radially
Secondary Phloem
Axial System
Fibers present
growth up and down
contains sieve tubes
Contains companion cells
formed in Vascular Cambium
Radial System
Only parenchyma cells present
Secondary Growth in Roots
Roots
Don't store water
consist of sclerenchyma
rays are small
Ring Porous
Diffuse porous
Heartwood
Sapwood
Vascular cambium/ primary xylem is star shaped
