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Crime and Punishment 1.4.1 onward (Why law enforcement improved…
Crime and Punishment 1.4.1 onward
Definition of crime
Witchcraft
Witchcraft 1735
No longer against the law to be a witch
People like Matthew Hopkins would be a criminal for persuading others that people are witches or for believing in witchcraft.
Why law enforcement improved
Metropolitan police 1829
Robert Peel set up
Uniforms
ID badge
Prevents crime; Deters crime by patrolling (crime preventers)
Paid better
More honest
Bow Street Runners 1749
No uniform
Patrolled the London area
Solves crimes (crime investigators)
John fielding founded mounted patrols of the Bow Street Runners 1754
On horses
Police Act 1856
Policing compulsory across Britain
1900-46,800 across Britain
Prevents crime; Deters crime by patrolling (crime preventers)
Criminal Investigations Department (CID) 1878
Solves crimes (crime investigators)
200 to start with
Better training and pay so better service
Most important form of punishment
Death Penalty
Bloody code
225 crimes in 1815 were punished by the death penalty.
Public
Behind walls after 1864
Deters people who watch the death
35,000 sentenced between 1770 and 1830 but 10% actually happened
Transported instead
Transportation
Sending petty criminals to America until 1776
160,023 criminals sent to Australia 1787 onward.
New life
Would make families poor, causing them to steal!
Ended in 1868
Sent to prisons instead
Australians didn't want people to be sent over
Prison
Religion
Education
Work
Weaving
Walking
Regret
Isolation
1842 separate system
1863 Silent system
Elizabeth Fry helped 1813-1845
Better treatment for prisoners
New gate prison
Set up education for children
They can get a job when they leave
New gate prison
1774 and
1823
Gaols act
Female guards for female prisoners
Less tempting of guards
Less abuse of prisoners
Work and education
Gets job after prison
Pay for guards
Agreement with prisoners
Prison inspections
Make sure everyone was doing their job
1900-1,400 people in prisons
1830-18-90 new prisons were built.
Pentonville prison
was one of the firsts(1842 London)
520 inmates