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Vitamin B1 Thiamine Water Soluble (Sources (best sources (wholegrain…
Vitamin B1
Thiamine
Water Soluble
Functions
Helps promote appetite
Promotes effective nervous and digestive system functioning
Coenzyme in metabolism of carbohydrates
Sources
maize meal is a good source
staple food for many in Africa
water loss in cooking should be kept to a minimum
use low cooking temperature and short heating periods
refined cereals lack thiamine unless fortified
not stable in alkaline medium
do not use baking soda even if enhances green colour of vegetable
best sources
wholegrain cereals
legumes
pork
Deficiency
if mothers don't get enough thiamine breast feed babes can develop
infantile beriberi
Symptoms
affects brain and nervous system
cardiovascular effects may include enlarged heart and heart failure
less serious deficiency
poor appetite
poor growth
weight loss
depression
irritability
fatigue
inability to concentrate
alcohol abuse can lead to thiamine deficiency
beriberi caused by deficiency
often a challenge where rice is staple
rice is poor source of thiamine and its destroyed by cooking
Excess:
no evidence of toxicity