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DETERMINANTS OF CULTURE (21 Religious and Ethical Systems (Christianity,…

- - - - Advantages: high level of entrepreneurial activity
      - Disadvantages:
        
        lack of loyalty and commitment
        
        difficult to build teams within an organization
    - - Advantages:
        
        achieve close cooperation between individuals
        
        discourages managers and workers from moving from company to company
      - Disadvantages: lack of dynamism and entrepreneurship
  - - - Social mobility: the extent to which individuals can move out of the strata into which they are born
      - Caste system: social position is determined by the family and change is usually not possible during a lifetime
      - Class system: a less rigid form of social stratification in which social mobility is possible
    - - Class consciousness: a condition where people tend to perceive themselves in terms of their class background
- - - - Most widely practiced religion in the world
        
        Most in Europe and the Americas, growing rapidly in Africa.
    - - Combination of hard work and the accumulation of capital
        
        Development of individualism => entrepreneurial activity
  - - - Second largest of the world's major religions
    - - Businesses behave in a manner that is consistent with Islamic ethics
        
        Prohibits the payment or receipt of interest
  - - - Approximately 750 million adherents
        
        World's oldest major religion
    - - Not encourage the kind of entrepreneurial activity
        
        No mobility between castes => negative impacts
  - - - Has 350 million followers
        
        Most in Central and Southeast Asia, China, Korea, and Japan
    - - No emphasis on wealth creation
        
        Lack of support for the caste system and extreme ascetic behavior => a more fertile ground for entrepreneurial activity
  - - - Not a religion
        
        Founded in the fifth century BC by K'ung-Fu-tzu
    - - Loyalty
        
        Guanxi (relationship networks)
        
        Honesty
- - - - Representative democracy
    - - Communist totalitarianism
      - Theocratic totalitarianism
      - Tribal totalitarianism
      - Right-wing totalitarianism