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IDEALISM & EDUCATION (Idealism as a Philosophy of Education (Role of…
IDEALISM & EDUCATION
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- many people feel that idealism is too conservative.
- idealism views the world as a finished product waiting only to be discovered.
- intellectual emphasis ignores other aspects.
- it is criticised on the notion of being elitist.
- idealism overemphasis on text books.
- does not accommodates modern era of technology.
Development of Idealism
One leading thinker of ancient Greece was Socrates (469–399 B.C.E.), who challenged the material concerns of his contemporaries.
Socrates went about Athens questioning its citizens, particularly the Sophists, about their “unexamined” way of life. Socrates saw himself as a kind of gadfly who prodded people into thinking.
Ideas of Socrates and Plato are considered almost indistinguishable today, scholars generally refer to these writings as Platonic philosophy.
The general view is that Plato added a great deal and put the dialogues in a literary form that has had enduring value.
Religious Idealism
Augustine patterned his educational philosophy after the Platonic tradition. He believed that worldly knowledge gained through the senses was full of error but that reason could lead toward understanding, and he held that, ultimately, it was necessary to transcend reason through faith.
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For example, Judaism and Christianity include many beliefs that fit into idealist thinking.
In the Confessions, he described his early life of paganism and the debauchery of his youth until his conversion to Christianity in 386. He became a priest in 391, and in 395 he was appointed Bishop of Hippo.
The mutuality of idealism and Judeo-Christian tradition was brought together in a unity of European culture by the Middle Ages and afterward. This helps explain several characteristics of modern thought. To Plato, ultimate reality is Idea and our bridge to it is the mind.
Platonic Idealism
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PLATO (427–347 B.C.E.) Plato was a Greek philosopher who started as a disciple of Socrates and remained an ardent admirer of him throughout his life.
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Mathematics shows that universal truths with which everyone can agree may be found, but mathematics constitutes only one field of knowledge.
Plato believed that we must search for other universal truths in such areas as politics, society, and education; hence, the search for absolute truth should be the quest of the true philosopher.
In The Republic, Plato wrote about the separation of the world of ideas from the world of matter
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- largely identified with systematization and subjectivism.
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- RENE DESCRATES (1596-1650)
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-extended into numerous fields of inquiry , including the natural sciences.
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- IMMANUEL KANT (1724-1804)
-produced critique of pure reason and critique of particular reason , in which brought order to the divergent and warning philosophical camps of rationalism and empiricism.
- Kant's idealism comes from concentration on human thought processes.
- GEORGE BERKELY (1685-1753)
- Developed innovative ideas , writing several trearies on philosophy, including principles of human knowledge
- Georg Wilhelm friedish hegel (1770-1831)
- no particularly promise as a budding process
-system of logic , nature and spirit .
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- he argued that embodient of purpose is the criterion of mentality .
- provided many ideas for reforming public education and is considered
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