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Characteristic of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (Comorbidities…
Characteristic of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Social
Difficulities
Normal back-and forth conversation
Sharing of interests
Understanding and recognizing emotional affect of others
Initiating conversation
Recognizing non-verbal cues
Facial expressions
Body language
Eye contact
Developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships
Imaginative play
Behavioral
Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, activities and interests
Echolalia
Stereotypy
Scripting
Use of objects
Usually with an obsession on specific attributes that would not be of interest to a typically developing individual
Ex) While playing with a toy, child may focus entirely on the spinning of the wheels
Speech
Insistence of sameness
Routines
Ritualized patterns
Verbal/non-verbal behavior
Thinking patterns
Can have aggressive and/or non-compliant behaviors
Some students require a Behavior Intervention Plan
Self injurious
Spitting
Biting
Scratching
Academic
Oftentimes have reading difficulties
Lack of social awareness impacts ability to participate in class and make healthy relationships with peers and/or teachers
Often require classroom accomodations
Chunking of curriculum
Direct Instruction
Frequent breaks
Visual Schedule
Graphic Organizers
Testing accomodations
Read aloud
Instructor records responses
Executive Functioning
Difficulties
Planning
Directing
Monitoring of thought processes
Social
Occupational
Joint attention
Organization
Developmental
Usually evident before age 3
Delays
Speech
Motor skills
Social functioning
Level of severity is classified across a spectrum
Particular components of human development may be stifled while other areas are functioning along the lines of a typically developing individual
Social
Cognitive
Physical
Level of severity and heterogeneity of symptoms are one of the unique characteristics of individuals with ASD
Biological
Classified as neurodevelopmental disorder
Higher prevalence in males
Theoretical causes
Genetic factors
Reduced functional connectivity during developmental period
"...polygenic pattern with as many as 10-20 genes acting together."
General brain differences
Deficiencies in neurotransmitters, and neuroendocrine systems
Difference in structure of white and gray matter in the brain
Comorbidities
ADHD
Specific learning disabilities
Sensory impairments
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Intellectual impairments
Language impairments
Physical
Sensitivities and/ or obsessions with
Sounds
Lights
Textures
Smells
Taste