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Water Quality Control (HARDNESS AND ALKALINITY ( Hard water and heat (…
Water Quality Control
FILTRATION
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Common technique
Rapid depth filtration
Layers of filter media
Sands, coal, earth and gravel
Pore opening allow water to pass through while “catching” some of the unwanted particles
Other particles are removed by adsorption, continued flocculation and sedimentation in pore spaces
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DISINFECTION
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Free chlorine used
Cheap
Reliable
Residual effect very good, especially if ammonia is added
Can cause taste and odour issues
Not as effective against viruses and protozoan cysts
Can create halogenated disinfectant by-products if in contact with natural organics: DANGEROUS
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HARDNESS AND ALKALINITY
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Increased maintenance costs, less effective equipment, poor heat transfer, prone to failure
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Alkalinty : measure of water’s ability to absorb hydrogen ions without pH change
- Acid buffering capacity of water
Nearly neutral water
6 and 8,5
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MEMBRANE PROCESS
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Force the water into the membrane and leave the undesirable particles
on the outside of the membrane
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