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The Dispositional Donaim (Theoretical Measurement Issues in Trait…
The Dispositional Donaim
Traits and Taxominies
Theoretical Measurement Issues in Trait Psychology
Theoretical Issues
Meaningful Difference between Individuals
Differential Psychology
Personality traits
Quantitive apporach - avarage
Primary traits
unique qualities in individual
Individual differences: abilities, aptitude, interlligence
Consistency over Time
Consistency
Consierable Stability
Latent trait - consistent
Behavior manifistation - change with age
Rank order
Consistency over Situations
Average Tendencies
Cross-situational consistency
Low-correlation for traits
Situationism
Mischel challenge
Focus on situation, not traits - describe behaviour
Person-situation Interaction
Person-Situation Interaction
Interactionism
Behaviour is a function of personality traits, B = f (P)
Behaviour is a function of situational forces, B = f (S)
B = f (PxS)
Personality and situation interplay, produce bahavior
P = f (B x S)
Personality described - behaviour under circumstance
S = f ( P x B)
Situation described - persons behaviour in situation
Situational specificity
Strong situation
Overide individual differences
Weak or ambiguous situation
Personality strong influence behaviour
average tendencies
never predict specific act at occasion
Situational force
May predict average tendency
Situational selection
Choose situation - finds onself
Person-situation goes both ways
Person influence situation
situation influence person
Evocation
certain traits, evoke specific response form environment
Manipulation
influence behaviours in others
different tactics
Change social situation
intentional
Measurement issues
Carelessness
motivation
Length of questionnaires
difficulty reading
Infrequecy scale
detecting problems
Items, most will answer particular way
Wrong direction - indicate validity
Duplicate answers
Middle category endorsement
Not very informative
Force
Likert Scale
Balance
Faking on questionnairs
Motivated distortion answering
Fake good
Fake bad
Detect by "fake bad profile" and "fake good profile" research
False Positive
Participant faking, concluded honest
undetected faking
False negative
Participant honest, concluded faking
Beware of Barnum Statments in Personality Test Interpretations
Statements that apply to everyone
astrology
Reliable tests, statements that are quatiative or relative to others
Self- report questionnairs
Personality and Selection
Personnel Selection - Choosing the Right Person for the Job
Integrity Testing
Honesty and integrity, widely used
Retail and financial services, unsuperviced
Personnel selection
Personality assesment
CPI, MMPI
Personality characteristics
Improve workforce, competitive field
Selection in Business Settings - The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Personality determining succes
Eight fundamental preferences
Four scores
ESTJ INFP
Psychological types
Not endorsed
Developed for education and counselling
Used for personnel settings
Negative reviews
Utility to get people to think personality and affect on others
MBTI
Selection i Business Settings - The Hogan Personality Inventory
Solid scientific foundation
Reliability, validaty
HIP
Aspects of Big Five
Relevant to business
Personality factors
Variety of businesses
Predict business result
Performance
Industry and government history
Personality Dispositions over Time: Stability and Change
Conceptual issues: personality development, stability and change
Personality development
Rank order stability
Mean level stability
Personality change
Personality stability over time
Stability of Temperament during infancy
Stability during childhood
Actigraphs
Rank order stability in adulthood
Mean level stability in adulthood
Personality change
Change in self-esteem from adolesence to adulthood
Sensation seeking
Independence and traditional roles
Personality changes across cohorts: assertivness and narcissism
Predicting personality change
Between Stability and change: Personality Fluctuation