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Collective and Crowd Behaviour (Deindividuation (Leon Mann (1981) (Baiting…
Collective and Crowd Behaviour
Reicher
Crowds act under a common social identity- share similar background, culture and interests.
Researched the St Paul's riots (1980)- although rioters attacked police cars, they didn't damage property around them.
Didn't attack people from the area (Bristol) as they were part of the in-group. Whereas, the police were viewed as being part of an out-group.
1996- Reicher suggets crowds turn violent when the police use heavy-handed methods to control the crowd.
Members who might've protested peacefully feel the police are trying to stop them from doing something that's valid hence they're part of an in-group.
Willing to act against the police- empowered by a common group goal.
Collective behaviour
refers to the behaviour of two or more individuals who are acting together or collectively.
Bulmer (1939)- In a small group, the individual has a sense of personal control.
Collective behaviour suggests that the individual has lost their sense of personal control and can influence other individuals within the collective.
Crowd behaviour
refers to a group of people who come together for a common purpose.
Examples include government protests and football hooliganism.
A crowded place does not always exhibit crowd mentality. i.e in shopping centres.
Deindividuation
It is when people are in a crowd and they lose their sense of individuality and feel more anonymous. e.g Londion riots 2011 and foorball hooliganism
At music festivals or football matches people lose their sense of individuality and become part of the crowd mentality
Lead to people acting in a way they wouldn't normally do. committing anti-social acts and following a mob-mentality, and believes there will be no consequences for their behaviour.
Prentice-Dunn and Rogers (1989)
Suggests people feel less accountable for their actions due to a sense of lacking public awareness.
Leon Mann (1981)
investigated 21 cases where crowds were present while someone was about to jump from a building.
Baiting and jeering occured in 10 of the cases
due to deindividuation & anonymity- occured at night time and there was a large crowd were a distance away
Group mentality- behaviour is unconcious and driven by instinct so there are no cognitive concious processes. (not thinking about their behaviour)