1.2 Ultrastructure of Cells

Resolution

Human eyes, 100,000 nm

Light microscope, 200 nm

Electron microscope, 1 nm

Prokaryote

do not have a nucleus

cell wall contain peptidoglycan

70s ribosome

nucleoid, contain DNA

Asexual reproduction (binary fission) mitosis

Eukaryotic

Advantages of being compartmentalised

Enzymes and substrates can be much more concentrated

substances that could damage cell can be kept inside membrane of an organelle

conditions such as pH can be maintained at an ideal level for a particular process

Organelles with their contents can be moved around within cell

Parts of eukaryotes

Nucleus, contains the chromosomes, consisting of DNA associated with histone proteins

rER, synthesize protein for secretion from cell

golgi apparatus, processes proteins brought in vesicles brought from rER

Lysosome, contain digestive enzyme used to breakdown ingested food in vesicles or break down organelles or even the whole cell

Mitochondrion, produce ATP for cell by aerobic respiration

free ribosome, synthesize protein

chloroplast, produce glucose and other organic compounds by photosynthesis

vacuoles and vesicles, used to store vesicle and transport materials inside cell

Microtubules and centrioles, moving chromosomes during cell division

cilia and flagella, locomotion of cell

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