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1.2 Ultrastructure of Cells (Prokaryote (do not have a nucleus, cell wall…
1.2 Ultrastructure of Cells
Resolution
Human eyes, 100,000 nm
Light microscope, 200 nm
Electron microscope, 1 nm
Prokaryote
do not have a nucleus
cell wall contain peptidoglycan
70s ribosome
nucleoid, contain DNA
Asexual reproduction (binary fission) mitosis
Eukaryotic
Parts of eukaryotes
Nucleus, contains the chromosomes, consisting of DNA associated with histone proteins
rER, synthesize protein for secretion from cell
golgi apparatus, processes proteins brought in vesicles brought from rER
Lysosome, contain digestive enzyme used to breakdown ingested food in vesicles or break down organelles or even the whole cell
Mitochondrion, produce ATP for cell by aerobic respiration
free ribosome, synthesize protein
chloroplast, produce glucose and other organic compounds by photosynthesis
vacuoles and vesicles, used to store vesicle and transport materials inside cell
Microtubules and centrioles, moving chromosomes during cell division
cilia and flagella, locomotion of cell
Advantages of being compartmentalised
Enzymes and substrates can be much more concentrated
substances that could damage cell can be kept inside membrane of an organelle
conditions such as pH can be maintained at an ideal level for a particular process
Organelles with their contents can be moved around within cell