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Sport and society (Commercialisation, media and sport (Characteristics of…

- - - - Upper class wagered on how far they'd cover in specific time
      - Developed with running allowed and some challenge rules
      - Foot racers/pedestrians competed against eachother
      - UC happy to act as patrons to WC
      - Patrons+ UC who looked after LC performers. E.g arranged competitions
      - UC patrons set up races and provided prize money for success
      - Footmen(hired servants) competed as messengers, 4 UC
    - - Athletics events such as hurdles, running, football and cycling took place
      - Individuals would organise rural festivals including "athletic events"
      - Early athletics was a 'festival occasion'
      - Prizes awarded by UC patrons for successful participants
      - Characteristics of popular recreation linked to much wenlock games
        
        Local event
        
        Occasional- once a year
        
        Simple unwritten rules
        
        Rural location
        
        Wagers placed on outcome of races
- - - - Fixtures published
      - More newspapers become available
      - Emergence of role models
    - - Set up leagues
      - Published one set of rules
      - Used sport with soldiers to spread sport through Empire
    - - Travel as a team
      - Train- to play/watch
      - Widespread fixtures
      - More fixtures+leagues
      - Need for unified rules
    - - Thought healthy workforce would increase production
      - Increased wages to allow more play
      - Factory owners needed a healthy disciplined workforce
      - Factory owners set up teams and provided spaces to play
    - - Less space- purpose built facilities
      - More spectators
      - Mob games banned
    - - HOW
        
        Set up teams e.g Sunday school teams(everton,villa)
        
        Promoted Christian values(healthy body=healthy mind)
        
        Provided space for them to play
      - WHY
        
        Sport seen as good way of promoting Christian values
        
        Saw sport as a good way to increase attendance/congregation
        
        Encouraged social control e.g less drinking, gambling
    - - Transport +communication developed
      - New middle class
      - Time increased
      - Athleticism
      - Income increased
      - Patronage
      - Health +hygiene improved
    - - Competitions
      - Public provision
      - Codification
      - Increased leisure time
      - Move to professionalism
    - - Reasons
        
        Leagues required for clubs
        
        Nationally agreed rules were required
        
        More teams and clubs formed
        
        National and international fixtures organised
        
        Sport becoming increasingly popular
- - - - Played range of sport
      - Lots of free time
      - Wealthy
      - No desire to train
      - High social status
      - Upper/middle class
      - High morality: emphasis on fair play
    - - Poor
      - Played one sport
      - Low social status
      - Very little free time
      - Woking class
      - Committed to train
      - Low morality: would cheat to win
  - - - Played at public school
      - Saw value and morality of sport
      - Could afford to play
      - Believed in amateur code
      - Played for love of the game
    - - Could only play if being paid
      - Played for factory teams
      - Played for financial gain
      - Believed at wining at all costs
      - Believed in professional code
- - - - Organisation
      - Increase in fixtures
      - Increased prize moeny
      - More female role models
      - Increased media coverage
    - - London 2012- women competed in every sport
      - Increased media coverage-Diamond league
      - Increased opportunities
      - Increased prize money
    - - Increased encouragement from FA and FIFA
      - More clubs
      - More female role models
      - Increased funding
      - Increased media coverage
      - Increased free time
      - Equal opportunities
      - Increase in number of female officials
- - - - Allows clubs to improve facilities
      - Gets money for allowing events to be televised
      - More media coverage
    - - Sponsors can pressure sports to change competition structure
      - Rule changes
      - Certain sports dominate TV
  - - - Free equipment/kit
      - Increased exposure-role models
      - Allowed to go full time
    - - Increased pressure to win, may lead to cheating
      - Can be put under pressure to perform when injured
      - Performers behaviour under spotlight
  - - - Better quality facilities at stadiums
      - More competitions, more opportunities to watch
      - Rule changes-prevent boredom
    - - High ticket/PPV prices
      - Minority sports receive less coverage
      - Less tickets, more given to sponsors
  - - - Publish results/highlights
      - Wider fan base
      - Helps advertise
    - - Performer under constant pressure-no privacy
      - Increase in "fake news"
      - Allows players to get hate-stalking
  - - - Way players are recruited to play for teams in countries other than their own
      - Spreading of new sports to new nations, e,g NFL played in London
      - Sponsorship of events
      - Increasing pressure on athletes to perform at best-may lead to drugs to maintain success