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Sexual Ethics (Historical Views (Greek philosophers saw sex as something…
Sexual Ethics
Historical Views
Greek philosophers saw sex as something that weekended the mind
They Pythagoreans, who influenced Plato, believed that humans should refrain from physical activities and live a more ascetic life
The Cynics saw no point in controlling sexual desire and saw no shame attached to sexual acts, even going as far as to performing it in public
The Stoics reacted totally against this and advocated overcoming any emotion that threatened self-control. Sex became linked to reproduction and the continuation of the human race.
The early history of sex and relationships are as philosophy is concerned is riddled with contradictions and has continued ever since.
For the Greeks sexuality is naturally excessive and so the moral problem is not whether it is right or wrong but how to control it. This did not include laws which prohibited certain sexual acts but required individual self-disciple.
Homosexuality
Romans 1:18-32
Summary
God’s wrath will be targeted against people who are gay.
Quote
“Men committed shameful acts with other men, and received in themselves the due penalty for their error”
Traditional Christian View
People who are gay should be punished
Liberal Christian View
You should put love for all over this
Leviticus 18:22
Summary
Don’t be gay
Traditional Christian View
Homosexuality is bad
Quote
“Do not have sexual relations with a man as one does with a woman; that is detestable”
Liberal Christian View
It’s a sign of when it was written
1 Corinthians 6:9-11
Summary
Don’t be a sinner, they won’t go to heaven
Traditional Christian View
Don’t be sexually immoral, idolise, adulteries, be gay, steal, be greedy, slander, be drunk, or cheat, or swindle
Quote
“Wrongdoers will not inherit the kingdom of God”
Liberal Christian View
Don’t commit what modern society considers to be a sin
Sodom and Gomorrah Destroyed
Traditional Christian View
Anything before gay
Quote
“Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us so that we can have sex with them.”
Liberal Christian View
It’s a sign of the times
Summary
2 angels demanded sex with men and a man let them have sex with his daughter. Often misinterpreted as people ignore that then men were condemned to hell
Pre-marital Sex
Natural Law
Static
Linked to eternal law
Reason leads to good
Against pre-marital sex
Sex should lead to reproduction
Situation Ethics
Agrees with pre-marital sex
Focuses on love and justice
Allows for co-habitation
The system breaks if pregnancy occurs
Kantian Ethics
Humans should not be used and should be treated with dignity
Pre-marital sex is ok in principle, but could lead to objectification
No room for emotion in decision making process
Consent is key
Safe sex is a sign of autonomy, which is good
Utilitarianism
Greatest happiness for the greatest number
Can do what you like because you are a consenting adult
Not of if it causes harm
Concerned that men would use women for pleasure
Contraception
Kantian Ethics
Natural Law
Against use of contraception
Actions should lead to reproduction
Situation Ethics
Utilitarianism
For the greatest good for the greatest number
Depends on the situation
Can be both for and against
Laws
Abortion Act 1967
Clarifies the laws with regard to pregnancy
Can be performed under certain conditions
2 doctor's approval
Before 24 weeks
Sexual Discrimination Act 1975
Illegal to discriminate on grounds of sex
Employment, education, and training
2004 Gender Recognition Act extends these protections to being transgender
Sexual Offences Act 1967
Decriminalised homosexuality
Only in private
At least 21 years old
Not paying
Not in a public toilet
If you have been sectioned, you can't give consent
Can't serve in the armed forces if gay
6 months in jail for prostitution
Sexual Offences Act (Amended) 2000
Changes homosexual age from 18 to 16
Having sex with someone under 18 if you are in a position of power is illegal
Definitions
Casual Cohabitation
No long-term commitment. May begin as casual sexual relationship.
Trial Marriage Cohabitation
Short term, preparation for marriage
Substitute Marriage and Ideological Cohabitation
Long term relationship without marriage, normally due to religious or idealogical reason