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Earth Science Midterm (MIdterm Review 2 (form a compound by losing…

- - - - atomic mass - sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom
      - continental slope - steep drop off
      - atomic weight -average of atomic masses and isotopes
      - chemical bond - transfer or sharing of electrons to achieve full valence shell
      - continental shelf - gentle slope
        
        octet rule - atoms gain, lose, share until 8 electrons
      - number of protons in an atoms nucleus determines its atomic number
    - - molecules with the same molecular formular = isomer
      - ionic bond - atoms bond together when oppositely charged ions attract
        
        varities of an element that have different atomic numbers. their nuclei contain the same number of protons but different neutrons = isotope
        
        continetal shelf - gentle slope
- - - - the most common extrusive igneous rock = basalt
      - when magma reaches the earths surface its called lava
      - when igneous rock or sedimentary rock is exposed to heat and pressure ir forms metamorphic rock
        
        color of amineral in powdered form - streak
        
        when igneous or metamorphic rock melt they form magma
        
        the most common sedimentary rock - sandstone
        
        the most important ccharactersirtic to a sedimentary rock is its layering
        
        how a mineral surface relects light - luster
        
        marble is formed by a metamorphiss of limestone
        
        most common rock - forming mineral group - siltrates
        
        sedimentary rock - formed by sediments which have been cemented (lithification)
        
        the resistance of a mineral to abrasion is hardness
        
        the strong tendencey of minerals to break along smooth parallel planes is known as cleavage
        
        crystal shape = habit
        
        igneous rock is formed from molten rock that has cooled and hardned
      - silicon-oxygen tetrahedon, four oxygen atoms surronding a much smaller silicon atom
- - - - The biosphere refers to the sum total of all life on earth
        
        The resistance of a mineral to abrasion is known as hardness
        
        The composition of the earths inner core is thought to be iron and nickel
        
        Pangea was proposed by wegener
        
        Earths system powered by the sun and earths interiror
        
        the primary goal of earth science is to identify patterns in nature and use that information to perdict the future
        
        provided evidence, upwelling at the mid ocean ridge for continental drift = hess
        
        a well tested and widely accepted view that explains observable facts= theory
        
        a tentatvie explanation that is tested to determine if it is valid = hypothesis
        
        a naturally occuring concentrarion of one or more metallic minerals that can be extracted economically for a profit is an ore
        
        the strong tendancy of certain minerals to break along smooth parallel planes is known as cleavage
        
        hess proved wegeners hypthesis of continental drift by stating that upwelling of magma at the mid ocean ridege was respobsible