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POLICING (LEGAL LIMITATIONS ON POLICE INVESTIGATIONS (Search and seizure,…
POLICING
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HISTORY OF POLICING
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4 PART MANDATE
1.Preventing crime w/o repressive force to avoid having to call on the military to control riots and other disturbances 2. To maintain order by non-violent means, using force only as last resort. 3. To reduce conflict between the police and public . 4. To show efficiency through absence of crime and disorder rather that visible police actions .
Side note : This could relate back to some of the three goals of the criminal justice system when it comes to preventing crime.
BUREAUCRATIC ELEMENTS
DIVISION OF LABOR
PATROL UNITS- the core operational units of local police departments that deploy uniformed officers to handle the full array of police functions for service order maintenance , and law enforcement .
CHAIN AND UNITY COMMAND
CHAIN OF COMMAND -Organizational structure based on a military model with a clear definition of ranks to indicate authority over subordinates
SPECIAL UNITS - units within police departments that deploy officers , often in plain clothes if not assigned to traffic unit, who are dedicated to a specific task such as investigation or type of crime such as narcotics enforcement .
POLICE SUBCULTURE - subculture is the symbols , beliefs, values , and attitudes shared by members of a subgroup of the larger society
WORKING PERSONALITY
- The threat of danger . 2. the need to establish and maintain ones authority .
JOB STRESS - could go with the working personality and the two parts .
- External stress , 2.Organizational stress, 3.Personal stress, 4.Operational stress.
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MODERN POLICING DILEMMAS OFFICERS MORALITY OVERCOMES - 1.Contradiction of goal of preventing crime and the officers inability to do so. 2. officers using discretion to handle situations that do not strictly follow procedure . 3. acting against one citizens interest, often with force that can kill or maim.
ORDER MAINTENANCE - The police function of preventing behavior that disturbs or threatens to disturb the public peace or that involves face to face conflict between two people . Police exercise discretion in deciding if law has been broken .
POLICE DISCRETION - DEPENDING ON 1.The nature of crime 2. relationship between the alleged criminal and victim . 3. the relationship of police and criminal or victim . 4. Race/ ethnicity . age, gender , and class. 5. department policies .
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POLICE ABUSE POWER
EXCESSIVE USE OF FORCE - Applications of force against individuals by police officers that violate either departmental policies or constitutional rights by exceeding the level of force permissible and necessary in a given situation .
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CIVIC ACCOUNTIBILITY - 1. internal affairs unit 2. civilian review boards 3. standards and accreditation 4. civil liability lawsuits