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Robin's mind (Report (6 elements of a convergent phase (Units of…
Robin's mind
Report
Vote convergent phase: 7/10
Risks
What:choosing one final idea risking that it won't work
What if working outside is distracting to study/work?
What if the environment is noisy?
What if the weather is bad?
Why: concept has potential, if the problems are solved
What I learned: chossing a concept is hard and it involves a lot of uncertainties
6 elements of a convergent phase
Units of measurements
Measurement matrix: based on the spec of the benchmark
Selection matrix: 0 (not or no), 1 (little or small) or 2 (very or big)
Results for each idea
Measurement matrix:
Wind turbine roadside
Solar outpost
Selection matrix
Green energy source with extra function
Outside workspace with solar panels
Parasol with solar panels
Lounge with solar panels
Cooking station with solar panels
Green energy source integrated in city
Wind turbines in the shape of a tree
Windmill as an artwork/monument
Correspondence between criterion and way to measure it
Measurement matrix: depends on criterion (price is low but generated green energy is high
Selection matrix: bad (red), medium (orange) or green (good)
Weight for each criterion
Measurement matrix: from benchmarks
Selection matrix: from interviews and own point of view
Ways to measure each criteria
Measurement matrix: in units (kilowatt, price, time, measurement, weight,...
Selection matrix: each criterion receives a score: 0, 1 or 2 which is an estimation
Set of criteria
Selection matrix: feasibility, innovation and link to the topic
Measurement matrix: specs of the 5 benchmarks ordered in groups
Unexpected events
Positive or negative: mostly positive
What I learned: Applying a good methodology is crucial in the design process. The questionnaire is a tool I'm certainly gonna use again.
What
Unexpected events in questionnaire
By applying the selection matrix a lot of ideas I thought were good scored bad.
Change in design process: first order
Topic, users and context
Clean energy :check:
From waste to resource (Mexico-city) :red_cross:
Topic
Minimalizing the amount of trash that people make
Users
Poor people
Companies
Rich people
Tourists
Government
Context
Dumps
Big cities
Rivers
Industry
Infrastructure (Amsterdam) :check:
Context
Overpopulated or overbuilt cities
Monuments
Protected buildings
Users
Citizens
Companies
Government
Students
Topic
Creating durability in a city that has little space for infrastructure
Traffic jam (São Paulo's) :red_cross:
Users
Drivers
Companies
Government
Topic
Finding a solution to spare the roads
Context
Highway
Overpopulated cities
From farmer to fork (Nairobi) :red_cross:
Context
Farms
Cities
Markets, stores,...
Topic
Making the journey from resource to food more efficient
Users
Suppliers
Producers
Farmers
Consumers
Government
Clean and green buildings (Delhi) :red_cross:
Topic
Promoting climate-neutral buildings
Users
Citizens
Companies
Government
Tourists
Context
Big cities
Patient rehabilitation :red_cross:
Sustainable solutions at UGent :red_cross:
My methodology
Qualitative phase
Interviews :check:
Documents :check:
Diary :red_cross:
Sorting cards :check:
How I sort the cards
How others sort the cards
Quantitative phase
Questionnaire :check:
Double Diamond Model
Definition phase
List of criteria (matrix)
Converging to 10 ideas
Reflection
Development phase
Ideation
Discovery phase
TUC
Benchmarks
Problem analysis
60 divergent ideas
Delivery phase
Detail design
Evaluation
Converging to 1 idea
Divergent ideas
Brainstorm + benchmarks
Other energy sources
Bio energy
Green wall
Place
Indoors
Outdoors
Advantages
Saves space (because it's vertical)
Reduce noise
Improve buildings appearance
Reduce energy cost
Buy one
Biolamp
Energy less consuming
Sensor
Smart street lighting
Advantages
40% of a city’s energy budget is consumed by street lighting
Smart street lighting saves up to 50%
Safer traffic due to increased visibility
Examples
Eandis
PHILLIPS lighting
In Belgium
Battery
Charged by movement
Running
Cycling
Step
Engine that converts wasted heat into electricity
Place
Industry
Coffee roasting
Cement plants
Glass plants
Metal manufacturers
At home
Water energy
Sorts
Vertical water wheel
Horizontal water wheel
Water turbine
Place
In the city river
Floating on water
Under water
Wind energy
Place
On shore
Off shore
Integrated in something else
Open places with a lot of wind
Roadside
Wind turbines with an extra function
Shape
Variants of a turbine
Traditional windmill
Shape of a tree
Link 1
Link 2
The production of a tree per year
100 m² low energy office
83% of electricity of a French household excluding heating
15 street lights
Lighting of 71 outdoor parking spaces
16364 km for an electric car
Solar energy
Solar panels with an extra function
Workspace
Solar outpost
Solar street light
Shape
Curved
Panel
Tube
Place
Hidden
Covered
Integrated in something else
Interesting sites for green energy solutions
1000 solutions to protect the environment
Bee smart city
Convergent ideas
Matrices
Measurement matrix
Best benchmarks
Windturbine roadside :red_cross:
Hard to improve
Solar outpost :check:
Connect idea with benchmark
Selection matrix
Ideas with a score 5
Outside workspace with solar panels :check:
Highest link with topic, user and context
Parasol with solar panels :red_cross:
Lounge with solar panels :red_cross:
Cooking station with solar panels :red_cross:
Questionnaire green energy -> solar panels most used/efficient
Windturbines in the shape of a tree :red_cross:
Already exists
Windmill as an artwork/monument :red_cross:
Link with users (students) is small
Ideas with a score lower than 3
Scraped
Ideas with a score 4
Gardens inside :red_cross:
Not realisable
Make city car free :red_cross:
Has a lot of opponents (city shops)
Already exists (Ghent)
Car sharing :red_cross:
Not innovative
Carpooling :red_cross:
Not innovative
Encourage public transport :red_cross:
Solution would be a campaign
Not innovative
Use hot air in the summer for hot water :red_cross:
Use cold air in the winter for fridge :red_cross:
Not realisable
Reuse wasted heat fro cooking :red_cross:
Reuse wasted heat for showering :red_cross:
Not realisable
Convert wasted heat into electricity :red_cross:
Not realisable
Water turbine in city river :red_cross:
Too little impact
Charging station for Phone with solar panels :red_cross:
Too little impact
Street light powered by windturbine :red_cross:
Already exists
Biolamp powered by plant :red_cross:
Not realisable
Electrical steps :red_cross:
Already exists
Windmills on roof :red_cross:
Not realisable
Solar panels installed on window :red_cross:
Only solves a problem if there's no place on the roof
Doesn't solve a problem
Lessons
Week 1
Double loop learning
Design process
Mindmap
Traceable
Dynamic
Competences
Ideate several solutions + materialise them into prototypes: test + iterate
Map out stakeholders and their context
Employ multidisciplinary tools
Document, archive and organise
Adopt a reflective attitude and develop critical thinking
Week 4
Layers of research
Paradigms
Positivism vs. anti-positivism
Interpretivism (Anti-positivism):
Research method: qualitative
Nature of reality: socially constructed, multiple
Goal of research: understanding, weak prediction
Positivism
Nature of reality: objective, single
Goal of research: explanation, strong prediction
Research method: quantative
Rational vs. constructivist
Strategies
Approaches
Inductive
Abductive
Deductive
Methods
Quantative
Qualitative
Mixed
Research philosophies
Epistemology: study of knowledge
Axiology: study of values, aesthetic and ethics
Ontology: study of reality
Subjectivism/constructivism: reality is created from the perception and action of social actors
Objectivism: reality exist independently from social actors
Quantitative & qualitative methods
Quantitative
Closed questions: short answer
Questionnaire
Qualitative
Open-ended questions: long answer
Interview
Week 2
Problem solving factors
Nature/type
Well-defined
The solution is easy
The knowledge to solve the problem is accesible
Potential solutions can be tested
Different steps are identifiable
Rules
Ill-defined
Many stakeholders
Each proposition is a potential solution
Not understandable
The outcome of the solutions are unpredictable
No rules
Representation
Context
Historical
Cultural
Social
Cues/clues:
How to represent a problem?
What problem components to provide or withhold?
Modality: In what modality and medium to represent different problem components
Individual differences
Problem: unknown entity in some situations
Week 6
Mixed methods: quantitative + qualitative
Sequences and processes
Weighting
Equal status: qualitative and quantitative have equal priority
Dominant status: one has higher priority than the other
Mixing
Partially mixed
Fully mixed
Timing
Sequential: qualitative and quantitative approaches occur one after the other
Concurrent: qualitative and quantitative approaches occur at the same point in time
Types of mixed methods
Embedded mixed method
Concurrent or sequential
Dominant
Explanatory mixed method
Sequential
Dominant: first quantitative phase then qualitative phase
Triangulation
Sorts
Methodological triangulation: using more than one method to gather data
Investigator triangulation: involves multiple researchers in an investigation
Theory triangulation: using more than one theoretical scheme in the interpretation of the phenomenon
Data triangulation: involves time, space and persons
Concurrent
Equal
Exploratory mixed method
Dominant: first qualitative phase then quantitative phase
Sequential
Innovative methods
Collage
Card sorting
Design workshops
Cognitive mapping
Velcro modeling
Visual diaries
Camera studies
Document annotations
Week 8
Real goals are SMART
Measurable
Achievable
Specific
Realistic
Timely
Change
First order
Continuity, improvements
Incremental changes
Quantitative change
One level change
Change in content
Second order
Change in context
Qualitatitve change
Discontinuity, change in direction
Radical changes
Multi-level changes
Week 3
Tools to boost your creativity
Competitive testing: benchmarks
Stakeholders map: visualistation of the key constituents
Brainstorm graphic organizer: post its
Concept mapping: visual framework that allows designers to find new concepts
Critical incident technique: understanding how users experience your product
Evidence based design: approach that bases decisions for effective design
Focus groups: small group guided by a moderator
Love letter and break up letter: personal letter written to a product
Week 7
Levels of measurement
Ordinal: compare entities and determine if they differ in terms of a property (first - second - third, good - better - best, frequency, gender, location,...)
Interval: order different data where the interval between data has a specific meaning, not relative to an absolute zero (performance change, temperature readings,...)
Nominal: compare alternatives and determine if they are similar or different (colors, flavors, smells, addresses, regions, types, gender, group, brand,...)
Ratio: order different data where the interval between data has a specific meaning, relative to an absolute zero (time, income, weight, voltage, height, force, watts, resistance,...)
Week 5: feedback
Questionnaires & documents
Electricity production in nuclear power plants
Tihange 3: 0MW
Tihange 2: 0MW
Tihange 0MW
Doel 4: 0MW
Doel 1: 0MW
Doel 3: 1006MW
Doel 2: 0MW
Energy consumption
Energy in Belgium
Natural gas: 26,6%
Coal: 0,4%
Wind: 6,7%
Zon: 4,2%
Water: 1,6%
Nuclear energy: 60,4%
Today cities consume 78% of the worlds energy
Street lighting = 50% of the total Belgium electricity bil
Wallonia: €50 million
Flanders: €79 million
Brussels: €12 million
Questionnaires
Questionnaire 1: Green energy
Other questionnaires
What does the Fleming think about renewable energy?
67%: We will only use renewable energy within 50 years.
59%: Don't have any solar panels and did not want any.
=> The investment is too big
=> 91%: Don't know how much a solar panel installation costs.
25%: Consider to install solar panels.
=> 49%: Believe that the energy bill will drop.
=> 20%: Think of the environment.
42%: Believe in wind energy as a green energy source.
30%: Believe in solar energy as a green energy source.
18%: Believe in the heat of the earth as a green energy source.
38%: Choose the energy supplier because of the price.
33%: Don't look for a new electricity supplier.
12%: The share of green electricity is the reason for choosing a electricity supplier.
83%: It's important that part of our energy is green.
Results
21 reactions:
=> 55%: students
=> 45%: non students
63%: thinks we will only use renewable energy in 50 years
89%: Wouldn't invest in green energy if it's expensive
62%: uses green energy
=> 84%: solar panel
=> 8%: wind turbine
=> 8%: solar water boiler
38%: doesn't use green energy
=> 40%: too little knowledge
=> 40%: too expensive
=> 20%: satisfied with current energy supplier
Most efficient energy source in Belgium:
47%: Solar energy
21%: Wind energy
5%: Geothermal energy
11%: Nuclear energy
64%: thinks government does enough for the promotion of green energy in Belgium
91%: Agrees with a visible wind turbine in their neighbourhood
90%: worries about global warming
40%: goes to school/work with public transport
Questionnaire 2: Study habits
Other questionnaires
Study habits
Results
28 reactions of students
59%: studies on more than one place
89%: Has direct daylight
Organised desk
=> 26%: never
=> 30%: sometimes
82%: needs to study in a quiet place
67%: has studied outside
=> 77%: liked it
33%: Never studied outside
Why?
=> 67%: No wifi
=> 67%: Too much noise
=> 56%: Too much distraction
=> 56%: No electricity
=> 22%: Too much wind
=> 11%: No shadow
Study with smartphone ready to use:
=> 93%: sometimes, mostly or always
Study with laptop ready to use
=> 89%: always or mostly
Internet is an efficient way to study
=> 33%: always
Snacks nearby when you study
=> 48%: sometimes
Using a fan in summer while studying
=> 41%: never
Studyplace:
=> 100%: at home
=> 67%: public places (library)
How to get a lot of respondents?
Social media (Messenger, Facebook)
Pros
You can control who fills it in
Cons
Little respondents (only friends and family)
SurveySwap
You need to fill in other surveys to earn credits, with this credits other people will fill in your survey
Pros
You can specificaly choose your target group
Student
Age: >18
Country: Belgium
Education
A lot of respondents
Cons
Not always qualitative
You don't know the respondents
Not a lot of people on it
Tweakers
Renewable/green energy
Belgium has committed itself at European level to get 13% of its energy from sustainable sources in 2020.
Renewable energy in Europe
Different views on green energy
Climate critic Björn Lomborg: "The climate is not our biggest priority"
Question in questionnaire green energy: Are you worried about global warming?
Yes
No
Why not
Has an opinion that gets a lot of critisism
Promoting green energy
Question in questionnaire green energy: Does the government do enough for the promotion of green energy?
Deal more consciously with energy
Question in questionnaire green energy: Which option(s) apply to you to deal more consciously with energy?
Subsidies
SDE (Stimuleringsregeling duurzame energieproductie
Final concept: Solar workspace
First idea
Technical features
Modular
Light
Orientable solar panels
System to regulate it horizontally
User and context
User
Make them connectable
For groupwork
Students at university/college
Local students
Students at dorms
Commuting students
Erasmus students
Students at high school
Students who normally study in librarie
Context
For working
Reading work
Writing papers
For studying
Public places
Garden of librarie
Garden of university campus
Preferably no wind/no rain
Summer
Not too cold
Not too hot
Quiet outdoor place
Free for students
Benchmarks
Real products
LEAF the desk
Prototypes
Solar outpost
Pros and cons of studying outside
Pros :check:
Green
No fan used
No lights used
No laptop/phone charger used
No frigo used
Just no electricity!
Change of set
Healthier than sitting inside all day
Cons :red_cross: + possible solutions
No outlet for laptop/phone charger
Possible solution: Solar powered outlet
Weather dependent
Too hot
Possible solution: Solar powered fan
Possible solution: only go there when weather is great
Rain
Possible solution: Roof (big enough)
Wind
Possible solution: Wind shield
Noisy environment
No food/drinks nearby
Possible solution: Small solar powered frigo
Can be distractive
Possible solution: Must be placed in a quiet/peacefull environment :
No wifi
Second idea
Assignments
Assignments
Homework 3: TUC
Working points
Fishbone diagram not correct
Modified fishbone diagramme
Specify on one topic
Make the deadlines!
Homework 4: Divergent ideas
Brainstorm
Working points
Use post its
More connections between different ideas
Competitive testing
Stakeholders map
Homework 5: Reflection
Homework 1+2: S+E
Statement: "I want to improve the things I see around me"
Modified statement: "It is not enough for me that products are functional, we need to design products that bring joy, excitement, pleasure and fun and most importantly beauty to people's lives."
Homework 6: My methodology
Working points
No question in beginning of document
Too general
Reflection
No specific problem
Homework 7: Report
Group activities
Q+Q
Working points
Better than first group activity
Problems
Working points
Research question
How to make Belgium cities more sustainable for students?
Users: students
Extreme users: Erasmus students
Persona
