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Respiratory System (Functions (Gas Exchange (Large surface area for…
Respiratory System
Functions
Gas Exchange
Large surface area for exchange of gases between air and blood
Moving air to the Exchange surfaces
Respiratory passageways move air to and from exchange surfaces
Protecting respiratory surfaces
Respiratory surfaces are protected against
Dehydration
Pathogen invasion
Temperature changes
Producing sounds
Speech and other sounds are produced within the respiratory system within the larynx
Smell
Detection of olfactory stimuli by the nasal cavity
Regulation of blood volume and pressure
Capillaries of the lungs convert angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
Organisation
Upper respiratory system
Nose
Nasal Cavity
Function`
Provides an airway for respiration
Moistens and warms entering air
Filters and cleans air
Serves as a resonating chamber for speech
Contains olfactory receptors (smell)
Bone Structure
Roof
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Back
Palatine bones
hard palate
Floor
Palate
Maxilla
Palatine bones
Internal structure
Divided by the nasal septum
Hard palate
Soft palate
Nasal conchae (3)
Nasal meatus (3)
Paranasal sinuses
Function
Lighten the skull
warm and moisten air
Pharynx
Lower respiratory system
Larynx
Compartments
Oropharynx
Food and air
Soft palate to epiglottis
Epithelium changes from pseudostratified columnar to stratified squamous
Palatine tonsils
Lingual tonsils
Laryngopharynx
Food and air
Stratified squamous epithelium
At the larynx the air and food pathways diverge
Becomes continuous with the oesophagus
Nasopharynx
Air passageway only
Soft palate and uvula close it off
Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
Location
Base of skull to 6th cervical vertebrae
Connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and oesophagus
Physiology
Muscular wall consisting of skeletal muscle
Function
Respiration
Digestion
Defence
tonsils
Resonance
speech
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli