Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
The Relationship of Social Presence and Interaction in Online Classes…
The Relationship of Social Presence and Interaction in Online Classes
Social presence
two components of social presence:
intimacy
and
immediacy
(Argyleand Dean 1965;Wiener and Mehrabian1968)
Intimacy
: eyecontact, physical proximity, and topic of conversation
optimal comfort level is called
equilibrium
(Short, Williams, and Christie 1976)
Immediacy
: psychological distance between a communicator and the recipient
Lack of immediacy: Low affection for instructor, less learning
After study: redefined as the degree of feeling, perception, and reaction to another intellectual entity in the CMC environment
Conclusion:
By incorporating concepts such as building trust online, providing “hand-holding”technical support, and promoting informal relationships, instructors can help provide greater interactivity within the online community of learners
Social context
Social contexts, such as task orientation, privacy, topics, recipients/social relationships, and social process contribute to the degree of social presence
users felt more public in a videoconference and perceived less social presence
(Champness, 1972)
Senders' familiarity with recipients improves interaction. Recommended to start off with dedicated time for introductions
Access to computer at home = privacy, relaxed atmosphere, familiarity with their computers, control and flexibility over their schedule
Online communication
text-based communications should be initiated with some light or casual topics or introductions, to avoid communication anxiety
Casual communication style to encourage participation
fewer keyboarding skills = asynchronous communication more appropriate
Most students expressed positive responses to the use of emoticons and paralanguag
Interactivity
Asynchronous = low interactivity = diminishing sense of social presence
Positive influence:
timely response to CMC messages
use of stylistic communication styles
casual conversations, communication strategies
appropriate message length
planning, creativity, intellectual, decision-making, and social tasks
appropriate communication group size
Informality decreased the psychological distance and people felt closer to each other
Familiar topics improve interaction. Let students choose topics
Small groups (preferred) or equal turn-taking